Modalities Ch. 15 Flashcards

1
Q

radiation

A

propagated through empty space as EM waves

includes heat, light, electricity, x-rays

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2
Q

forms

A

all are caused by minute particles moving through space

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3
Q

wavelength

A

distance of one repetition of the wave, crest to crest

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4
Q

frequency

A

rate at which the wavelengths are moving, cycles/sec

Hz and Mhz

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5
Q

wavelength and frequency relationship

A

speed = wavelength x freq.
all travel at 186,000 mi/sec
-linear velocity = 186,000 mi/sec
linear speed remains constant

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6
Q

diathermy

A

“through heat”
a therapeutic modality that uses high frequency EM waves to heat deeper tissue
involves transmissions and absorption of EM by the body

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7
Q

why is it not used?

A
expense of 5,000 to 25,000
poor information
-speculation
lack of research
-changes in equipment
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8
Q

diathermy classification

A

medical

surgical

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9
Q

classification based on frequency

A

longwave
shortwave
microwave

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10
Q

longwave

A

2 MHz
oldest method
not used any more

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11
Q

shortwave

A

27.12 MHz
wave identical to a shortwave radio
most common type used in sports medicine

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12
Q

microwave

A

2450 MHz
similar to radar
seldom used in the US
more contraindications than SWD

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13
Q

drum electrode

A

most common type

drum electrode is made up of copper foil

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14
Q

SWD device

A

runs on 110 V electricity from a wall outlet
frequency is 27.12 MHz
radio frequency that passes through the drum to the coil
coil sends wave into the tissue
one applicator unit is called a monode
two applicator is a diplode
inside applicator is single copper electrode coil

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15
Q

dipole

A

ends carry opposite energy charges
as they rotate, friction is occurring causing heat
rotation + friction = heat

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16
Q

eddy currents

A

a magnetic field generates small circular electrical fields

fields vibrate and increase cell membrane permeability, which causes heat

17
Q

heating effects

A

created by resistance in the tissue to things going on
resistance is highest in muscle
SWD can heat muscle without overheating skin or adipose tissue
muscle is a denser tissue, more resistance, more heat

18
Q

types

A

SWD can either be continuous or pulse waved

19
Q

most treatments are…

20
Q

why use pulse?

A

on time, offtime, peak power stops tissue from overheating

21
Q

peak power

A

pulse width with pulse frequency

-both important variables

22
Q

how to create more heat

A

increase frequency and pulse width

23
Q

PG 289

A

average watts is power

24
Q

physiological effects of diathermy

A
increase blood flow
increase metabolism
more effect at cellular level
fibroblastic activity
collagen deposition
new capillary growth
white blood cell infiltration
healing
decreased pain and muscle spasm
25
diathermy indications
``` strains sprains contusions tendonosis bursitis pain joint stiffness osteoarthritis decreased ROM increase extensibility of collagen fibers ```
26
diathermy contraindications
``` when tissue temperature rise is not indicated ischemic areas anesthetic areas effusion eyes, testes, ovaries caution over pelvis during pregnancy moist wound dressings fever epiphysis cancer pacemakers metal implants ```
27
US
can heat tissues 3-5 cm deep to > 40 degrees C heats small areas short stretch/thermal window 5-10 min.
28
SWD
``` can heat tissues 3-5 cm deep to > 40 C heats large areas long stretch/thermal window 10-15 min consistent treatment over a certain area ```