Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Modalities > Modalities Ch. 16 > Flashcards

Modalities Ch. 16 Flashcards

1
Q

electricity

A

form of energy that is produces by the accumulation and/or the movement of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

requirements for electron flow

A

electrons
path or conductor
force to push electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

types of electricity

A

static

current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

static

A

frictional

  • two objects rubbing together
  • electrons transferred from one object to another
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

currnet

A

electrons traveling along a conductor

-can be direct or alternating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

measures of electrical charge

A 
coulomb (Q)
amperage (A)
voltage (V)
resistance (R)
-ohm
--material
--length of circuit
--cross sectional area
--temperature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

coulomb

A

measure of electrical charge
quantity of electrons
6.25 x 10^18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

amperage

-A=

A

speed at which a current is flowing

-1 coulomb past a point in 1 second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

voltage

-in modalities

A

electromotive force
difference of energy at one point to another
in modalities
-want it to be as low as possible while still achieving the desired effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

resistance

A

1 amp past 1 ohm

ability of a substance to oppose a current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ohn

A

measure of the resistance to electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

resistance factors

A

material
length of circuit
cross sectional area
temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

material in body

A

blood and nerves have lower resistance (more electrons)

skin and bones have higher resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

length of circuit

A

the shorter the circuit, the less resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cross sectional area

A

the larger the area the less resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

temperature

A

increased temperature equals increased flow of electrons

-decreases resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

water-electricity flow analogy

A

table in book

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

current (amps)= voltage/resistance
-A = V/R
volts = current x resistance
resistance = voltage/current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

current types

A

direct current
alternating current
pulsed current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

direct

-alternate name

A

continuous flow of electrons in one direction
-pulse greater than one second
galvanic current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

alternating current

A

continuous flow of electrons in alternating directions

-IFC is a series of alternating current coming together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

pulsed current

A

interruption in flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

pulse and cycle characteristics

A

pulse named by number of phases

  • monophasic
  • biphasic
  • polyphasic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

monophasic

A

one phase

current flows in one direction only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
biphasic
two phases | current flows in both directions
26
polyphasic
multiple phases
27
quantitative characteristics
amplitude | -distance from baseline to top of wave
28
peak vs. average amplitude
peak -the longest distance average -average of all the amplitudes
29
pulse duration
duration of one pulse | -made up of phases
30
phase duration
duration of one phase | -specific to AC
31
pulse period
length of on and off time of one pulse
32
interpulse interval
time between conclusion of one pulse and start of next
33
intrapulse interval
interruption in a single pulse or phase
34
phase shapes
sinusoidal rectangular spike
35
duty cycle
on time / (off time + on time)
36
russian wave form
characteristics - polyphasic - symmetrical - sinusoidal - burst
37
interferential wave form
characteristics -symmetrical -sinusoidal -high frequency (2000-5000 Hz) AC two channels, with different frequencies, used simultaneously two currents cause a tissue current amplification
38
tissue response to electrical simulation
thermal magnetic chemical kinetic
39
chemical response: iontophoresis
DC used to push medication through the skin into the body lasts 10-20 minutes
40
cathode vs. anode
cathode - positive - drives ions towards negative pole
41
most common iontophoresis medications
``` dexamethasone -corticosteriods -negatively charged lidocaine -positively charged ```
42
kinetic response
sensation | muscle contraction
43
muscle contraction
twitch tetanic -multiple contractions that fuse together into one continuous contraction
44
polarization and action potentials
polarized unequal positive and negative one each side of cell -membrane polarized -ions lined up on each side of the membrane depolarized -ions move back to equilibrium caused by sodium ion movement
45
mixed nerves
``` a fibers -largest -respond the most readily to stimulation -sensory or motor b fibers -autonomic motor nerves c fibers -smallest and slowest -sensory ```
46
knerve excitability and stimulation parameters
``` nerve excitability -the amount of electrical current applied to the surface necessary to elicit an action potential in a specific nerve influencing factors -nerve size and depth -tissue resistance -current density -- smaller target area, denser current -current strength -frequency of stimulation --pulses/sec. -electrode orientation -motor point ```
47
electrode orientation
longitudinal is 4x stronger than transverse
48
electrode size
smaller electrode = greater current density
49
electrode distance
increased distance = increased intensity for same result
50
electrode placement | -bipolar technique
electrodes from terminals are of equal size, resulting in nearly equal current density under them both active applied to treatment area in relative proximity to each other
51
electrode placement | -monopolar/unipolar technique
electrodes of unequal size, creating active and indifferent electrodes may have multiple active electrodes active electrode(s) applied to treatment area indifferent electrode applied to remote location
52
e-stim parameters
``` pulse frequency pulse duration -measured in ms duty cycle amplitude -measure of intensity ```
53
types of e-stim
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) | IFC
54
TENS - transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
``` pain control -gate control theory (sensory) -opiate theory (motor or brief intense) three types -sensory -motor -brief-intense ```
55
sensory TENS
``` acute pain high frequency sensory-level intensity stimulates large-diameter sensory nerves "traditional" TENS ```
56
motor TENS
``` chronic pain lower frequency motor-level intensity stimulates small-diameter afferent nerves produces a slight muscle twitch ```
57
brief-intense TENS (noxious tens
``` chronic pain stimulates C-fibers variable frequency highest possible tolerance burning, needling, twitch, tetanic contraction ```
58
IFC - interferential current - primarily used for - two channels - vectors
``` two separate waves that meet primarily used for -pain reduction -decrease in muscle spasm two channels -carrier frequency: 4200 Hz -adjustable frequency: 4300 Hz -beat frequency: 100 Hz vectors -static -dynamic ```
59
NMES - neuromuscular electrical stimulation - indications for use - effects
``` "Russian" stim indications for use -neuromuscular re-education -atrophy prevention -muscle spasm -edema effects -depolarization of alpha motor neurons -increased proprioceptive feedback -"milking" effect for reducing edema ```
60
HVPC - high-volt pulsed current stimulation
``` 150 V = high volt twin-peak monophasic waveform short pulse width results -wound healing -edema control ```
61
wound healing with HVPC
high-frequency, low amplitude waves sensory-level stimulation HVPC promotes the natural healing process strong research
62
edema reduction with HVPC
stopping edema formation resolving edema moderate research water application

Modalities (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions