Module 16: Skin Flashcards
(212 cards)
1
Q
adipocyte
A
a fat cell
2
Q
albino
A
a person with skin deficient in pigment (melanin)
3
Q
apocrine sweat gland
A
one of the large dermal exocrine glands located in the zilla and genital areas. It secretes sweat that, in conjunction with bacteria, is responsible for human body odor
4
Q
basal layer
A
the deepest region of the epidermis; it gives rise to all the epidermal cells
5
Q
collagen
A
structural protein found in the skin and connective tissue
6
Q
cuticle
A
a band of epidermis at the base and sides of the nail plate
7
Q
dermis
A
the middle layer of the skin; a dense, fibrous, connective tissue layer containing collagen
8
Q
eccrine sweat gland
A
the most numerous sweat-producing exocrine gland in the skin; tiny coiled structures located throughout the dermis
9
Q
epidermis
A
the outermost layer of the skin; a thin, cellular membrane containing keratin
10
Q
epithelium
A
the layer of skin cells forming the outer and inner surfaces of the body
11
Q
hair follicles
A
a sac within which each hair grows
12
Q
integumentary system
A
the system which includes the skin and accessory structures such as hair and nails
13
Q
keratin
A
a hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails. It means horn and is commonly found in the horns of animals
14
Q
lunula
A
the half-moon-shaped, whitish area at the base of the nail
15
Q
melanin
A
the skin pigment. It is formed by melanocytes in the epidermis
16
Q
eumelanin
A
is brown-black skin pigment
17
Q
pheomelanin
A
is red-yellow skin pigment
18
Q
paronychium
A
a soft tissue surrounding the nail border
19
Q
pore
A
a tiny opening on the surface of the skin
20
Q
sebaceous gland
A
an oil-secreting gland in the dermis that is associated with hair follicles
21
Q
sebum
A
an oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands
22
Q
squamous epithelium
A
flat, scale-like cells composing the epidermis
23
Q
stratified
A
arranged in layers
24
Q
stratum (plural: strata)
A
a layer (of cells)
25
stratum corneum
the outermost layer of the epidermis, which consists of flattened keratinized cells
26
subcutaneous layer
the innermost layer of the skin, containing thick, fat tissue
27
adip/o
fat
28
adipose
pertaining to fat
29
albin/o
white
30
albinism
inherited absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes
31
caus/o
burn, burning
32
cauter/o
heat, burn
33
causalgia
burning pain
34
electrocautery
the use of a heated instrument to burn tissue
35
cutane/o
skin
36
subcutaneous
pertaining to the third layer of skin
37
derm/o, dermat/o
skin
38
dermabrasion
a treatment for removal of superficial scars or wrinkles
39
epidermolysis
loosening of the epidermis with the development of large blisters; occurs after injury or with blister-producing diseases
40
diaphor/o
profuse sweating
41
diaphoresis
commonly called sweating
42
erythem/o, erythemat/o
redness
43
erythema
flushing; widespread redness of the skin
44
erythematous
pertaining to erythema
45
hidr/o
sweat
46
anhidrosis
absence of sweating
47
ichthy/o
dry, scaly (fish-ike)
48
ichthyosis
usually a hereditary condition in which the skin is dry, rough, and scaly (resembling fish scales) because of a defect in keratinization
49
kerat/o
hard
50
keratosis
excessive development of hard keratinized tissue on the skin
51
leuk/o
white
52
lip/o
fat
53
lipoma
benign tumor of fatty tissue
54
liposuction
the removal of subcutaneous fat tissue through a tube that is introduced into the fatty area via a small incision. The fat is aspirated (suctioned out)
55
melan/o
black
56
anthrac/o
black (as coal)
57
chlor/o
green
58
cirr/o
tawny yellow
59
cyan/o
blue
60
eosin/o
rosy
61
erythr/o
red
62
jaund/o
yellow
63
lute/o
yellow
64
poli/o
gray
65
xanth/o
yellow
66
myc/o
fungus (includes yeasts, molds, and mushrooms)
67
onych/o
nail
68
par-
near or beside
69
paronychia
inflammation and swelling of the soft tissue around the nail and is associated with torn cuticles or ingrown nails
70
phyt/o
plant
71
pil/o
hair, hair follicle
72
pilosebaceous unit
pertaining to the hair follicle and attached sebaceous gland
73
py/o
pus
74
pyoderma
pus within the skin
75
impetigo
is a purulent (pus containing) skin disease caused by bacterial infection
76
rhytid/o
wrinkle
77
rhytidectomy
cosmetic plastic surgery to remove wrinkles and excess skin; also called rhytidoplasty or face lift
78
seb/o
sebum
79
seborrhea
excessive secretion from sebaceous glands
80
common name for seborrheic dermatitis
dandruff
81
squam/o
scale-like
82
squamous epithelium
cells are flat and scale-like; pavement epithelium
83
steat/o
fat
84
trich/o
hair
85
hypertrichosis
abnormal condition of excessive hair growth
86
ungu/o
nail
87
subungual
pertaining to below the nail
88
xanthoma
nodules develop under the skin owing to excess lipid deposits and can be associated with a high cholesterol level
89
-elasma
a flat plate
90
xer/o
dry
91
xerosis
very dry skin
92
what is the skins measurements in an average adult?
weighs 8-10 pounds and extends over an area of 22 square feet
93
what are the functions of the skin?
1. a protective membrane over the entire body
2. contains 2 types of glands that produce important secretions
3. nerve fibres under the skin are receptors
4. different tissues in the skin maintain body temperature
94
Langerhans cells
are specialized cells that react to the presence of antigens and have an immune function
95
occulocutaneous albinism vs. ocular albinism?
affects eyes, skin, and hair vs. eyes only
96
colla meaning
glue
97
collagen
a fibrous protein material found in bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments as well as in the skin; it is tough and resistant but also flexible
98
stria
commonly known as stretch marks; when weight gain may break the elastic fibers of collagen resulting in linear markings
99
how many hairs are on the body?
about 5 million hairs on the body, and about 100,000 are on the head and grow about 1/2 inch per month
100
how fast do fingernails grow?
about 1mm per week which means it takes them about 3-5 months to regrow
101
how fast do toenails grow?
they grow more slowly than fingernails; it takes 12-18 months to be replaced completely
102
lesion
is an area of abnormal tissue anywhere on or in the body
103
lesion: crust
collection of fried serum and cellular debris
104
lesion: cyst
thick-walled, closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material
105
pilondial cyst
found over the sacral area of the back in the midline and contains hairs
106
pil/o
hair
107
nid/o
nest
108
sebaceous cyst
a collection of yellowish, cheesy sebum commonly found on the scalp, vulva, and scrotum
109
lesion: erosion
wearing away or loss of epidermis
110
lesion: fissure
groove or crack-like sore
111
lesion: macule
flat lesion measuring less than 1 cm in diameter
112
lesion: nodule
solid, round or oval elevated lesion 1 cm or more in diameter
113
lesion: papule
small (less than 1 cm in diameter), solid elevation of the skin
114
example of a papule?
pimples
115
lesion: polyp
growth extending from the surface of mucous membrane
116
lesion: pustule
papule containing pus
117
abscess
collection of pus
118
lesion: ulcer
open sore on the skin or mucous membranes (deeper than an erosion)
119
decubitus ulcers
bedsores; are caused by pressure that results from lying in one position
120
lesion: vesicle
small collection (papule) of clear fluid (serum); blister
121
bulla (plural: bullae)
is a large vesicle
122
lesion: wheal
smooth, edematous (swollen) papule or plaque that is redder or paler than the surrounding skin
123
alopecia
absence of hair from areas where it normally grows
124
alopecia areata
an autoimmune disease in which hair falls out in patches without scarring or inflammation
125
ecchymosis, eccymoses
bluish-purplish mark (bruise) on the skin
126
ec-
out
127
chym/o
pour
128
petechia, petechiae
small, pinpoint hemorrhage
129
purpura
bleeding into the skin
130
pruritus
itching
131
acne
chronic papular and pustular eruption of the skin with increased production of sebum
132
acne vulgaris
is caused by the buildup of sebum and keratin in the pores of the skin
133
blackhead or open comedo (plural: comedones)
is a sebum plu partially blocking the pore
134
whitehead
if the pore becomes completely blocked; a closed comedo forms
135
burns
injury to tissue caused by heat contact
136
what may burns be caused by?
dry heat (fire), moist heat (steam or liquids), chemicals, lightning, electricity, or radiation
137
how are burns classified?
first degree, second degree, and third degree
138
first degree burns
superficial epidermal lesions, erythema, hyperesthesia, and no blisters
139
second degree burns
partial thickness burn injury; epidermal and dermal lesions, erythema, blisters, and hyperesthesia
140
third degree burns
full thickness burn injury; epidermis and dermis are destroyed (necrosis of skin), and subcutaneous layer is damaged, leaving charred, white tissue
141
cellulitis
diffuse, acute infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling
142
eczema (atopic dermatitis)
inflammatory skin disease with erythematous, papulovesicular, or papalosquamous lesions
143
atopic dermatitis
a rash that often begins on face, hands, elbows, or knees
144
exanthematous viral diseases
rash (exanthem) of the skin due to a viral infectionrube
145
what are examples of exanthematous viral disease?
rubella, rubeola, and varicella
146
rubella
German measles
147
rubeola
measles
148
varicella
chickenpox
149
common exanthematous viral diseases
erythema infectiosum and hand-foot-and-mouth disease
150
what does atopy mean?
out of place or unusual
151
gangrene
death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply
152
impetigo
bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules, and crusted-over lesions
153
pyoderma
contagious and usually caused by staphylococci or streptococci
154
psoriasis
chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly, red plaques covered by silvery gray scales
155
palliative
relieving treatment but not curing
156
scabies
contagious, parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus
157
scleroderma
chronic progressive disease of the skin and internal organs with hardening and shrinking of connective tissue
158
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs
159
discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)
a photosensitive, scaling, plaque-like eruption of the skin confined to the face, scalp, ears, chest, arms, and back which heals from scarring
160
lupus vulgaris
a cutaneous form of tuberculosis
161
tinea
infection of the skin caused by a fungus
162
tinea corporis or ringworm
because the infection is in a ring-like pattern, is highly contagious and causes severe pruritus
163
tinea pedis
athlete's foot, which affects the skin between the toes
164
tinea capitis
fungus on the scalp
165
tinea barbae
fungus affecting the skin under a beard
166
tinea unguium
fungus affecting the nails
167
urticaria (hives)
acute allergic reaction in which red, round wheals develop on the skin
168
angioedema
swelling around the face
169
vitiligo
loss of pigment (depigmentation) in areas of the skin (milk-white patches); a form of leukoderma
170
callus
increased growth of cells in the keratin layer of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction
171
keloid
excess hypertrophied, thickened scar developing after trauma or surgical incision
172
cicatrix
a normal scar left by a healed wound
173
keratosis
thickened and rough lesion of the epidermis; associated with aging or skin damage
174
actinic keratosis
caused by long-term ultraviolet light exposure and is a precancerous lesion that can evolve into squamous cell carcinoma
175
seborrheic keratosis
a benign lesion that results from overgrowth of the upper epidermis and is dark in colour
176
leukoplakia
white, thickened patches on mucous membrane tissue of the togue or cheek (evolves to squamous cell carcinoma)
177
nevus, nevi
pigmented lesion of the skin
178
dysplastic nevi
are moles that have atypical cells and may progress to form a type of skin cancer called melanoma
179
verruca, verrucae
epidermal growth (wart) caused by a virus
180
verruca vulgaris
the common wart; is the most frequent type of wart
181
plantar warts
occur on the soles of the feet
182
basal cell carcinoma
malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis
183
squamous cell carcinoma
malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis
184
actinic keratoses
sun related, premalignant lesions in people with sun-damaged skin
185
malignant melanoma
cancerous growth composed of melanocytes
186
Kaposi sarcoma
malignant, vascular, neoplastic growth characterized by cutaneous nodules
187
What are the ABCDEs of melanoma?
Asymmetry
Border
Colour
Diameter
Evolution
188
bacterial analyses
samples of skin are examined for presence of microorganisms
189
exudate
fluid that accumulates
190
fungal tests
scrapings from skin lesions, hair specimens, or nail clippings are sent to a laboratory for culture and microscopic examination
191
cryosurgery
use of subfreezing temperature achieve with liquid nitrogen application to destroy tissue
192
curettage
use of a sharp curette to scrape away a skin lesion
193
electrodesiccation
tissue is destroyed by burning with an electric spark
194
Mohs surgery
thin layers of malignant tissue are removed removed, and each slice is examined under a microscope to check for adequate extent of the resection
195
skin biopsy
suspected malignant skin lesions are removed and examined microscopically by a pathologist
196
punch biopsy
a surgical instrument that removes a core of tissue obtained by rotation of its sharp, circular edge
197
shave biopsy
tissue is excised using a cut parallel to the surface of the surrounding skin
198
skin test
substances are injected intradermally or applied to the skin and results are observed
199
patch test
an allergen-treated piece of gauze or filter paper is applied to the skin
200
scratch test
several scratches are made in the skin and a very minute amount of test material is inserted into the scratches
201
Bx
biopsy
202
Derm
dermatology
203
DLE
discoid lupus erythematosus
204
PPD
purified protein derivative - used in skin test for tuberculosis
205
PUVA
psoralen-ultraviolet A light therapy; treatments for psoriasis and other skin conditions
206
SLE
systemic lupus erythematosus
207
SC
subcutaneous
208
onycholysis
a separation of the nail plate from the nail bed in fungal infections
209
210
what is the common form of skin cancer?
basal cell carcinoma
211
a skin tag is a lesion that is pedunculated, meaning what?
it grows on a stalk
212
What kind of test can confirm exposure to tuberculosis?
Mantoux skin test
