MODULE 4 PART 1: INTRODUCTION TO CYTOKINES Flashcards
(27 cards)
Variety of of proteins secreted by the cells of the immune system whose function is to regulate the immune responses (e.g. proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of nearby cells)
Cytokines
Cytokines produced by T cells
Lymphokines
Cytokines produced by monocytes
Monokines
Describe the functional redundancy of cytokines.
Very high
What are the extents of effect of cytokines?
- Autocrine
- Paracrine
- Endocrine
What are the main function of cytokines?
- Tissue repair
- Resistance to infection
It is the ability of one cytokine to act on different cell type
Pleiotropy
These are the cytokines secreted by macrophages
- IL-1
- IL-6
- IL-12
- IL-18
- TNF-A
Redundancy refers to ?
Similar function of cytokines
Some cytokines work optimally only when in association with other cytokines. This refers to ?
Synergy
Some cytokines may prevent or inhibit the action of others. This refers to ?
Antagonism
What are the roles of cytokines?
- Cytokines are produced by antigenic stimuli acting through the T-cell and B-cell receptors
- Antigen-antibody complexes acting through Fc receptors
- Superantigens acting through the T-cell receptors
- Pathogen-associated molecules such as lipopolysaccharides acting through toll-like receptors
Pattern of cytokine activity that bind to receptors on the cell that produced them
Autocrine
Pattern of cytokine activity that bind to receptors on cells in close proximity to the cell origin
Paracrine
Pattern of cytokine activity that spreads throughout the body thereby affecting cells in distant location from the source of production
Endocrine
Cytokines that regulate the interactions between lymphocytes and other leukocytes
Interleukins
Interleukins are numbered sequentially based on ?
Order of their discovery
Antiviral cytokines that are produced in response to virus infection or immune stimulation
Interferons
Interferons is derived from the fact that they interfere with ?
Viral RNA and protein synthesis
Cytokine that also play a role in the maintenance of pregnancy
Interferons
TNFs are derived from what cells?
Macrophages and T cells
Cytokine that can kill tumor cells
Tumor Necrotic Factors (TNFs)
What is the cytokine that is the key mediator of acute inflammation?
TNF-a
This cytokine control leukocyte product by regulating stem cell growth.
Growth factors
