MODULE 4 PART 1: INTRODUCTION TO CYTOKINES

Question 1

These are the cytokines secreted by macrophages

Answer 1

• IL-1
• IL-6
• IL-12
• IL-18
• TNF-A

Question 2

TNFs are derived from what cells?

Answer 2

Macrophages and T cells

Question 3

What are the main function of cytokines?

Answer 3

• Tissue repair
• Resistance to infection

Question 4

It is the ability of one cytokine to act on different cell type

Answer 4

Pleiotropy

Question 5

Cytokines that act primarily as chemotactic factors and leukocyte activators

Answer 5

Chemokines

Question 6

Pattern of cytokine activity that bind to receptors on cells in close proximity to the cell origin

Answer 6

Paracrine

Question 7

Redundancy refers to ?

Answer 7

Similar function of cytokines

Question 8

Interferons is derived from the fact that they interfere with ?

Answer 8

Viral RNA and protein synthesis

Question 9

Cytokine that can kill tumor cells

Answer 9

Tumor Necrotic Factors (TNFs)

Question 10

Cytokines produced by monocytes

Answer 10

Monokines

Question 11

What is the cytokine that is the key mediator of acute inflammation?

Answer 11

TNF-a

Question 12

Antiviral cytokines that are produced in response to virus infection or immune stimulation

Answer 12

Interferons

Question 13

Some cytokines may prevent or inhibit the action of others. This refers to ?

Answer 13

Antagonism

Question 14

Family of cytokines that play an important role in leukocyte circulation and migration, especially in inflammation

Answer 14

Chemokines

Question 15

What are the roles of cytokines?

Answer 15

• Cytokines are produced by antigenic stimuli acting through the T-cell and B-cell receptors
• Antigen-antibody complexes acting through Fc receptors
• Superantigens acting through the T-cell receptors
• Pathogen-associated molecules such as lipopolysaccharides acting through toll-like receptors

Question 16

Cytokine that also play a role in the maintenance of pregnancy

Answer 16

Interferons

Question 17

This cytokine ensures that the body is supplied with sufficient cells to defend itself.

Answer 17

Growth factors

Question 18

Some cytokines work optimally only when in association with other cytokines. This refers to ?

Answer 18

Synergy

Question 19

Interleukins are numbered sequentially based on ?

Answer 19

Order of their discovery

Question 20

Pattern of cytokine activity that bind to receptors on the cell that produced them

Answer 20

Autocrine

Question 21

What are the extents of effect of cytokines?

Answer 21

• Autocrine
• Paracrine
• Endocrine

Question 22

Cytokines that regulate the interactions between lymphocytes and other leukocytes

Answer 22

Interleukins

Question 23

This cytokine control leukocyte product by regulating stem cell growth.

Answer 23

Growth factors

Question 24

Pattern of cytokine activity that spreads throughout the body thereby affecting cells in distant location from the source of production

Answer 24

Endocrine

Question 25

Variety of of proteins secreted by the cells of the immune system whose function is to regulate the immune responses (e.g. proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of nearby cells)

Answer 25

Cytokines

Question 26

Describe the functional redundancy of cytokines.

Answer 26

Very high

Question 27

Cytokines produced by T cells

Answer 27

Lymphokines