MODULE 4 PART 1: INTRODUCTION TO CYTOKINES Flashcards

(27 cards)

1
Q

Variety of of proteins secreted by the cells of the immune system whose function is to regulate the immune responses (e.g. proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of nearby cells)

A

Cytokines

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2
Q

Cytokines produced by T cells

A

Lymphokines

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3
Q

Cytokines produced by monocytes

A

Monokines

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4
Q

Describe the functional redundancy of cytokines.

A

Very high

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5
Q

What are the extents of effect of cytokines?

A
  • Autocrine
  • Paracrine
  • Endocrine
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6
Q

What are the main function of cytokines?

A
  • Tissue repair
  • Resistance to infection
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7
Q

It is the ability of one cytokine to act on different cell type

A

Pleiotropy

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8
Q

These are the cytokines secreted by macrophages

A
  • IL-1
  • IL-6
  • IL-12
  • IL-18
  • TNF-A
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9
Q

Redundancy refers to ?

A

Similar function of cytokines

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10
Q

Some cytokines work optimally only when in association with other cytokines. This refers to ?

A

Synergy

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11
Q

Some cytokines may prevent or inhibit the action of others. This refers to ?

A

Antagonism

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12
Q

What are the roles of cytokines?

A
  • Cytokines are produced by antigenic stimuli acting through the T-cell and B-cell receptors
  • Antigen-antibody complexes acting through Fc receptors
  • Superantigens acting through the T-cell receptors
  • Pathogen-associated molecules such as lipopolysaccharides acting through toll-like receptors
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13
Q

Pattern of cytokine activity that bind to receptors on the cell that produced them

A

Autocrine

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14
Q

Pattern of cytokine activity that bind to receptors on cells in close proximity to the cell origin

A

Paracrine

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15
Q

Pattern of cytokine activity that spreads throughout the body thereby affecting cells in distant location from the source of production

A

Endocrine

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16
Q

Cytokines that regulate the interactions between lymphocytes and other leukocytes

17
Q

Interleukins are numbered sequentially based on ?

A

Order of their discovery

18
Q

Antiviral cytokines that are produced in response to virus infection or immune stimulation

19
Q

Interferons is derived from the fact that they interfere with ?

A

Viral RNA and protein synthesis

20
Q

Cytokine that also play a role in the maintenance of pregnancy

21
Q

TNFs are derived from what cells?

A

Macrophages and T cells

22
Q

Cytokine that can kill tumor cells

A

Tumor Necrotic Factors (TNFs)

23
Q

What is the cytokine that is the key mediator of acute inflammation?

24
Q

This cytokine control leukocyte product by regulating stem cell growth.

A

Growth factors

25
This cytokine ensures that the body is supplied with sufficient cells to defend itself.
Growth factors
26
Family of cytokines that play an important role in leukocyte circulation and migration, especially in inflammation
Chemokines
27
Cytokines that act primarily as chemotactic factors and leukocyte activators
Chemokines