Module 9 Part 2 Patho Epiglottitis Flashcards
Question
Answer
What historically caused acute epiglottitis?
Historically, acute epiglottitis was caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib).
How has the incidence of acute epiglottitis changed?
The overall incidence of acute epiglottitis has been reduced with the advent of the H. influenzae vaccine.
What is the pathophysiology of acute epiglottitis?
Acute epiglottitis involves bacterial invasion and inflammation, leading to rapid edema development in the epiglottis, which obstructs the upper airway.
What are the clinical manifestations of acute epiglottitis?
Children with acute epiglottitis (typically aged 2 to 7) experience high fever, irritability, sore throat, inspiratory stridor, severe respiratory distress, anxiety, muffled voice, drooling, inability to cough, preference to sit, and dysphagia. They may lean forward (tripoding) to improve breathing.
Why is acute epiglottitis considered a life-threatening emergency?
Acute epiglottitis is considered a life-threatening emergency as it can lead to rapid respiratory collapse and death in a matter of hours.
What should be avoided when dealing with acute epiglottitis?
Examination of the throat should not be attempted as it may trigger laryngospasm and worsen the condition.
What treatments are administered for acute epiglottitis?
In severe cases, the airway may be secured with intubation, and antibiotics are given promptly. Racemic epinephrine and corticosteroids may be used until definitive airway management is possible.
