Most Common Page 4 Flashcards
(204 cards)
1
Q
MC scalp mass in middle-aged and older adults
A
sebaceous (trichilemmal) cyst
2
Q
2nd MC cerebral vascular malformation
A
brain capillary telangiectasias
3
Q
MC circle of Willis variant
A
absent or hypoplastic PCoA
4
Q
MC locations of arachnoid granulations
A
transverse sinus and superior sagittal sinus
5
Q
MC site of cervicocephalic involvement of fibrous dysplasia
A
ICA
6
Q
MC type of fibrous dysplasia
A
type 1 / medial fibroplasia
7
Q
MCC of ischemic stroke in young and middle-aged adults
A
craniocervical arterial dissection
8
Q
MC site of dissection in the head and neck
A
extracranial ICA
9
Q
Most frequently involved site of intracranial dissections / MC site of dissecting aneurysms
A
vertebral artery
10
Q
MC location of vertebral dissections
A
skull base to C1 and C1 to C2
11
Q
MCC of severe cerebral vasoconstriction
A
vasospasm with multifocal foci of arterial constriction and dilatation
12
Q
MC worldwide cause of childhood stroke
A
sickle cell disease
13
Q
MC monogenic heritable cause of lacunar stroke and vascular dementia in adults
A
CADASIL
14
Q
MC form of thrombotic microangiopathy
A
DIC
15
Q
MC finding in TB meningitis on NECT
A
hydrocephalus
16
Q
MC site of CNS mycoses
A
meninges
17
Q
MC cerebral complication following BM transplatation
A
Aspergillosis
18
Q
MC CNS site of T. solium larvae (neurocysticercosis)
A
intracranial subarachnoid spaces
19
Q
MC site of intraventricular neurocysticercosis
A
Fourth
20
Q
2nd MC acquired idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disease
A
ADEM
21
Q
MC imaging pattern of autoimmune encephalitis
A
limbic encephalitis (one or both medial temporal lobes)
22
Q
MC affected segment of the spinal cord in NMOSD
A
cervical
23
Q
MC of all primary CNS neoplasms in patients 18-30 yo (young adults)
A
IDH-mutant diffuse astroctyoma
23
Q
Most commonly involved CNs in neurosarcoidosis
A
II and VII
24
MC location IDH-mutant diffuse astrocytomas
frontal lobes (cerebral hemispheres)
25
MC variant of the pancreas
pancreas divisum
26
MC primary CNS neoplasm that causes "brain-to-brain" metastases
GBM
27
MC route of GBM spread
white matter tracts (such as corpus callosum, fornices, anterior commissure, and corticospinal tract)
28
In contrast to IDH-wild-type GBMs, what is the MC location of IDH-mutant GBMs?
frontal lobe (same with grade II diffuse astrocytomas)
29
3rd MC type of glial neoplasm (after GBM and anaplastic astrocytoma)
oligodendroglioma
30
MC and most benign primary choroid plexus tumor
choroid plexus papilloma
31
MCC of overproduction hydrocephalus
choroid plexus papilloma
32
MC mixed glioneural tumor
ganglioglioma
33
MC primary intraventricular neoplasm of young and middle-aged adults
central neurocytoma
34
MC pineal parenchymal tumor
pineacytoma
35
MC extracranial solid cancer in childhood / MC overall cancer in infants
secondary/metastatic neuroblastoma
36
MC manifestation of metastatic neuroblastoma
skeletal mets
37
MC infratentorial site of meningiomas
CPA
38
overall MC benign osteocartilaginous tumor of the skull base
chondroma/enchondroma
39
MC intracranial site of hemangiomas
diploic space of the calvaria
39
MC benign osseous tumor of the calvaria
osteoma
40
MC primary intracranial nonmeningothelial mesenchymal neoplasm, although rare
solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma
41
MC location of solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma
occipital region (often straddles the transverse sinus)
42
2nd MC infratentorial parenchymal mass in adults (after mets)
hemangioblastoma
43
MC ocular motor nerve palsy
simple/isolated abducens palsy
44
MCC of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss
vestibulochochlear schwannoma
45
MCC of multiple enhancing CNs
mets
46
MC cerebellopontine cistern mass
vestibular schwannoma
47
MC of all Meckel cave tumors
schwannomas
48
MC jugural foramen schwannoma
glossopharyngeal (CN IX
49
MC of all the pure motor nerve schwannomas
CN III (MC location: interpeduncular cistern)
50
Neuro, Pedia: MC childhood cancer / MC childhood malignancy
leukemia (ALL > AML
51
MC primary bone malignancy
multiple myeloma
52
MC site of extramedullary hematopoiesis
axial skeleton
53
MC intracranial location of extramedullary hematopoiesis
subdural space
54
Pathologic hyperplasia most commonly occurs in response to
end-organ failure
55
MCC of pathologic pituitary hyperplasia
primary hypothyroidism
56
MC etiology of pituitary hyperplasia
PRL cell hyperplasia
57
MC site of ectopic pituitary adenomas
sphenoid sinus
58
MC type of hypophysitis
lymphocytic hypophysitis
59
MC radiation-induced neoplasm
meningioma
60
MC single protein or enzyme deficiency disease to present in childhood
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
61
MC inborn error of amino acid metabolism
Phenylketonuria
62
MC manifestation of acute hypertensive encephalopathy
PRES
63
MC overall cause of PRES
preeclampsia
64
MC location for an ectopic thyroid
central tongue base
65
Most commonly affected site in mesial temporal sclerosis
hippocampal body > tail > head
66
Most commonly associated condition / MCC of cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum
use and subsequent withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs
67
Iron accumulation is greatest in the?
pars reticulata of the substantia nigra
68
MC inherited cerebral small vessel disease
CADASIL
69
MC site of obstructing membranes
foramina of Luschka
70
MC mass found at the foramen of Monro
colloid cyst
71
MC tumor that causes intraventricular obstructive hydrocephalus in children
medulloblastoma
72
MC general imaging feature of normal pressure hydroceph
ventriculosulcal disproportion
73
Spontaneous intracranial CSF leaks are most commonly associated with
arachnoid granulations in the lateral sphenoid sinus
74
MC type of Chiari malformation
Chiari 1
75
MC of all congenital brain malformations / MC CNS malformation / Single mc malformation that accompanies other developmental brain anomalies and syndrome
anomalies of the cerebral commissures (especially the corpos callosum) / corpus callosum dysgenesis
76
MC congenital cerebellar malformation
Dandy-Walker malformation
77
MC brain morphologic defects in fetal alcohol syndrome
CC agenesis and regional increases in cortical thickness
78
MC inherited cause of mental retardation in boys
fragile X syndrome
79
MC causes of secondary microcephaly
ischemia, infection, maternal diabetes, and trauma
80
MC and mildest form of primary microcephaly
microcephaly with simplified gyral pattern (MSG)
81
MC type of focal cortical dysplasia
Type IIb
82
Single mcc of severe early-onset drug-resistant epilepsy in children and young adults
focal cortical dysplasias
83
MC location of polymicrogyria
bilateral perisylvian
83
MC form of cortical malformation in adults
periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH)
84
MC imaging abnormality in infants with CMV infection
polymicrogyria
85
Most severe end of the holoprosencephaly continuum
aprosencephaly and atelencephaly (AP/AT)
86
Most severe form of holoprosencephaly
alobar
87
MC human forebrain malformation / MC anomaly affecting the ventral forebrain
holoprosencephaly
88
Only malformation in which the posterior corpus callosum forms while the anterior aspects are absent
holoprosencephaly
89
MC CNS tumor predisposition syndromes
neurofibromatoses
90
MC CNS neoplasm or glioma in NF1
pilocytic astrocytoma
91
MC site of NF1 pilocytic astrocytomas
optic pathway
92
MC site of plexiform neurofibromas
orbit
93
MC sites of meningiomas in NF2
along the falx and cerebral convexities
94
2d MC inherited tumor syndrome (after NF1)
tuberous sclerosis complex
94
MC site of subependymal nodules in tuberous sclerosis complex
along the caudothalamic groove
95
MC site of hemangioblastomas
dorsal half of the cerebellum (2nd: medulla)
96
MC site of supratentorial hemangioblastomas
pituitary stalk
97
ainMC location of leptomeningial angioma in Sturge-Weber
parietooccipital
97
MC benign tumor of infancy
hemangioma
98
MC site of extracutaneous hemangiomas
subglottis
99
MC location of atretic cephalocele
obelion (along the sagittal suture at the level of the parietal foramina)
100
MC type of cephalocele in SEA
frontoethmoida
101
Osborn: MC type of cephalocele in European/North Americal Caucasians / Women's: MC site of cephaloceles
Occipital
102
Osborn: MC single-suture craniosynostosis, MC nonsyndromic craniosynostosis / Resnick: MC pattern of craniosynostosis
Osborn: sagittal/scaphocephaly, Resnick: isolated closure of the sagittal suture
103
MC syndromic craniosynostosis
bilateral coronal
104
MC of all soft tissue tumors
ordinary lipoma
104
MC ectopic site of pituitary adenoma
sphenoid sinus
105
MC intradural tumor in the thoracic region
meningioma
106
MC intraspinal mass
nerve sheath tumors / schwannomas
107
MC pathology involving PNS and nasal cavity
Inflammatory disease
108
MC involved in mucus retention cyst
Maxillary sinus
109
MC involved in mucocele
Frontal sinus
110
Mucosal disease commonly associated with squamous cell ca
Inverting papilloma
111
MC malignant lesions of the skull base
mets
112
3 MC primary malignant tumors of skullbase
chordoma, chondrosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma
113
MC location of chordoma
sacrum 50%, clivus 35%, vertebral bodies 15%
114
MC / Preferred site of origion of chondrosarcoma
parasellar at petroclival junction (paraclival destructive bony lesion)
115
MC diseases involving temporal bone
inflammatory (cholesteatoma)
116
MC site for formation of acquired cholesteatoma
pars flaccida (superior portion of TM) - originate within the Prussak space (superior recess of the TM, between scutum and neck of malleus)
117
MC malignant suprahyoid head and neck mass in pediatric age group
Lymphoma (Burkitt) or rhabdomyosarcoma
118
MC head and neck malignancy in younger adult (20-40 yrs)
Lymphoma
119
MC head and neck malignancy in older adult (>40 yrs)
Nodal metastases
120
MC benign lesions arising in mucosal space
Tornwaldt cysts and lesions related to minor SG tissue
121
MC benign minor salivary gland neoplasm of the mucosal space
Pleomorphic adenoma / benign mixed-cell tumor
122
MC maligant neoplasm of the mucosal space
SCC, NHL, minor salivary gland malignancies
123
Principal malignancy of the carotid space
squamous cell nodal mets
124
Minor salivary glands are most highly concentrated in?
palate
125
MC minor salivary gland malignancy (has marked propensity for perineural spread)
adenoid cystic carcinoma
126
MC malignancy of the upper aerodigestive tract
Squamous cell carcinoma
127
MC variation in vascular anatomy of the neck
Asymmetry of IJVs (R usually larger than L)
128
MC lesions in the carotid space
paragangliomas/chemodectomas and nerve sheath tumors
129
MC lesions of the jugular foramen
paragangliomas
130
MC parotid tumors
pleomorphic adenoma (2nd MC: Warthin tumor)
131
MCC of masses of the mastricator space
infectious (dental caries or dental extraction)
132
MCC of pathlogies in prevertebral space
cervical vertebral bodies
133
MC optic nerve sheath complex lesions
optic nerve glioma and optic sheath meningioma
134
MC tumor of the optic nerve
Optic nerve glioma
135
MCC of intraorbital mass lesion in adults
pseudotumor; 2nd cavernous hemangioma, 3rd lymphoma
136
MCC of proptosis in adults
Thyroid ophthalmopathy
137
MC primary ocular malignancy in pedia
Retinoblastoma
138
MC malignant lesion in pediatric age group
Lymphoma, followed by rhabdomyosarcoma
139
MC midline neck mass
thyroglossal duct cyst
140
MC location of thyroglossal duct cysts
(midline) at or below the level of the hyoid bone in the region of the thyrohyoid membrane
141
MC type of laryngoceles
mixed
142
MC site of origin of brancial abnormalities
2nd branchial cleft
143
MC thyroid nodule
Adenomatous nodules (colloid nodules)
144
MC benign neoplasm of the thyroid
Follicular adenoma
145
MCC of hypothyroidism and goiter in adults in the US
Hashimoto thyroiditis
146
MCC of hyperthyroidism
Graves disease
147
MCC of renal scarring in children
pyelonephritis
148
MC urachal tumor
adenocarcinoma
149
MCC of a scrotal mass in children
congenital hydrocele
150
MCC of hydrocele
idiopathic/unknown
151
MC metastatic tumors to involve the testes in children
leukemia and lymphoma
152
MC abdominal masses in infants and children
enlarged kidneys due to hydronephrosis or cystic renal disease
153
MC renal neoplasm of childhood
Wilms tumor
154
MC renal tumor of the neonate
mesoblastic nephroma
155
MC form of unilateral renal dysplasia
multicystic dysplastic kidney
156
MC fluid collections
lymphoceles (usually after transplantation)
157
MC neoplastic disorder in pediatric transplant recipients
PTLD
158
MC bladder neoplasm in children in the 1st 2 decades of life / MC and most important neoplasm of the lower GUT
rhabdomyosarcoma (MC form: embryonal form)
159
Probably the MC benign neoplasm of the bladder
hemangioma
160
MC urachal anomaly
patent urachus
161
MC location of congenital strictures
bulbar
161
MC extra-adrenal mass
intra-abdominal pulmonary sequestration
162
MC location of ganglioneuromas
posterior mediastinum > extra-adrenal retroperitoneum > adrenal
163
MC abdominal locations of pheochromocytoma
vicinity of the renal vessels and at the organ of Zuckerkandle, near the origin of the IMA
164
MC findings after scrotal injury
hematomas and hematoceles
165
MC mullerian duct remnant to undergo torsion
appendix testis
166
MC paratesticular tumor
rhabdomyosarcoma
167
MC pediatric genital neoplasm of both sexes
embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
168
MC aberration of the human sex chromosome
Klinefelter
169
MC causes of GI tract obstruction in 0-1 month old patients
congenital anomalies (atresia/stenosis, malrotation/volvulus, Hirschsprung disease), meconium plug/small left colon syndrome, meconium ileus
170
MC causes of GI tract obstruction in 1-5 month old patients
hernias
171
MC causes of GI tract obstruction in 5 month to 3 year old patients
intussusception
172
MC causes of GI tract obstruction in patients 3 years and older
perforated apendicitis, adhesions, regional enteritis
173
MCC of small bowel obstruction in children
intussusception (2nd to pyloric stenosis as a cause of GIT obstruction in children)
174
MCC of ileocolic intussusception
idiopathic
175
MC focal lead point in intussuception
Meckel diverticulum (in older children, lymphoma is more likely)
175
Diffuse leasd points are most commonly associated with?
cystic fibrosis or HSP
176
MC congenital obstructon of the esophagus
esophageal atresia
177
MC site of peptic esophageal strictures
distal third
178
MC site of esophageal atresia
upper third
179
MC type of esophageal atresia
with a fistula extending obliquely from the trachea just above the carina to the DISTAL esophageal pouch (Type 1)
180
MC complication of esophageal atresia repair
anastomotic stricture
181
least common site of congenital obstructing lesions in the GIT
stomach
182
MC site of gastric atresia
pylorus
183
MC site of most proximal GI obstruction
mid portion of the duodenum
183
MC acquired cause of duodenal obstruction
duodenal hematoma
184
MC causes of distal small bowel obstruction in the neonate
ileal atresia and meconium ileus
185
MC / primary site of regional enteritis (Crohn disease) in children
terminal ileum
186
Most frequently affected segment in both pediatric and adult patients with UPPER tract Crohn disease
duodenum
187
MC location of strictures as a complication of NEC
colon
188
MC causes of cholelithiasis in children
sickle-cell disease, congenital obstructive anomalies of the biliary tract, total parenteral nutrition, furosemide, dehydration, hemolytic anemia, and short gut syndrome
189
MC variant of the pancreas
pancreas divisum
190
MC cystic lesion of the pancreas
pseudocyst
191
MCC of rectal bleeding in older children
juvenile inflammatory polyps
192
MC locations of juvenile inflammatory polyps
sigmoid and rectum
193
MC type of choledochal cyst
Type 1 - localized, fusiform, or saccular dilation of the CBD below the cystic duct
194
MC benign liver tumor encountered in infancy
hemangioendothelioma
195
