Page 6 Flashcards
1
Q
MC cause of osteomalacia
A
renal osteodystrophy
2
Q
MC disease in which osteosclerosis is seen
A
Renal disease
3
Q
MC presentation of renal osteodystrophy
A
Osteopenia (10-20% lang ang osteosclerosis)
4
Q
Only finding that is pathognomonic for osteomalacia
A
Looser fracture
- wide, transverse lucencies with sclerotic borders traversing partway through a bone, usually perpendicular to the involved cortex.
- associated most frequently withosteomalaciaandrickets.
- Osteomalacia is the strongly favoured diagnosis when: bilaterally symmetric and in a classic location: such as the axillary border of the scapula, rib, or posterior ulna, superior and inferior pubic ramus, and medial side of the femoral neck.
5
Q
MCC of hyperparathyroidism
A
renal disease / chronic renal insufficiency
6
Q
MCC of hyperparathyroidism
A
single parathyroid adenoma
7
Q
Pathognomonic for hyperparathyroidism / sine qua non of renal osteodystrophy
A
Subperiosteal bone resorption
8
Q
Where is subperiosteal bone resorption seen most commonly, most reliably, and earliest?
A
radial aspect of the middle phalanges of the hand
8
Q
Pathognomonic for pyknodysostosis
A
acro-osteolysis with sclerosis
9
Q
Where does Paget disease most commonly occur?
A
pelvis (remember iliopectineal line thickening)
9
Q
Characteristic for fluorosis
A
calcified sacrotuberous ligament
10
Q
MCC of dwarfism
A
achondroplasia
11
Q
MC skeletal dysplasia
A
achondroplasia
12
Q
MC location of painful bone marrow syndrome in the knee
A
medial condyle
13
Q
MC type of meniscal tear
A
oblique tear extending to the inferior surface of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus
14
Q
MC location of meniscocapsular separation
A
site of the MCL
15
Q
Most frequently encountered bony abnormality with MRI
A
contusion
16
Q
Where do most cuff tears begin?
A
anterior most fibers of the supraspinatus (immediately lateral to the bicipital groove)
17
Q
Most commonly seen cuff tear on MRI
A
rim rent (articular side, anteriorly at the insertion of the fibers onto the greater tuberosity)
18
Q
MCC of quadrilateral space syndrome
A
fibrous bands or scar tissue
19
Q
Except for the Achilles, the most medial and the largest of the flexor tendons
A
posterior tibial tendon
20
Q
MC torn ankle ligament
A
anterior talofibular ligament
21
Q
MC locations of tarsal coalition
A
calcaneonavicular joint and middle facet of the talocalcaneal joint
21
Q
MC soft tissue mass in the hand, wrist, and elbow
A
ganglia
22
MC MR finding in tendon degeneration
focal or diffuse tendon hypertrophy
23
MC minor congenital variation in the spine
facet tropism; next MC is transitional lumbosacral junction
24
MC intramedullary neoplasms
gliomas, principally astrocytomas and ependymomas
25
MC intramedullary tumor in adults
ependymomas
26
MC pediatric spinal cord mass
astrocytoma (2nd MC: ependymoma)
27
Most commonly affected location in skeletal TB
1st lumbar vertebra
28
MC benign radiation-induced tumors
osteochondromas (exostoses)
29
Area of the bone that is most sensitive to radiation
epiphysis
30
MC breast ca appearing as spiculated
infiltrating ductal ca
31
Breast abscesses are most commonly seen in a?
subareolar location in lactating women
32
MC well-circumscribed masses seen in women 35-50 yo / MC breast mass
cysts
32
MC well-defined solid masses seen on mammography / MC solid benign tumor in young women/women younger than 30 yo
fibroademonas
33
MC primary ca to produce breast mets
melanoma
34
MC source of mets to ovaries
colon (65%), stomach, breast, lung, pancreas
35
DCIS/noninvasive breast ca is most often detected mammographically as a result of?
branching calcifications
36
Indeterminate calcifications are most often associated with?
fibrocystic change
37
MC indication for breast imaging in men
palpable asymmetric thickening or mass
38
MC uterine tumor / MC solid pelvic masses encountered during pregnancy / MC additional uterine pathology in the presence of adenomyosis
leiomyoma
39
MC location of leiomyomas
intramural
40
MC sites of involvement in endometriosis
ovaries, cul-de-sac, peritoneal reflections
41
MCC of hydrosalpinx
pelvic infection
42
MC ovarian mass / MCC of ovarian enlargement
Functional ovarian cyst
43
MC ovarian neoplasm / MC germ cell neoplasm of the ovary / MC ovarian teratomas / MC ovarian masses in children / MC ovarian pathology in young women of reproductive age
dermoid cyst / benign cystic teratoma / mature cystic teratoma / ovarian cystic teratoma
44
MC GCT
ovarian teratomas
45
MC monodermal teratoma
struma ovarii (mature thyroid tissue) and immature teratoma
46
MC GCT in pregnant patients
dysgerminoma
47
MC gynecologic malignancy
cervical carcinoma
48
MC invasive gynecologic malignancy
endometrial carcinoma
49
MC site of tubal ectopic pregnancy
isthmus
49
ease MC of the gynecologic malignancies
endometrial carcinoma
50
MC site of fallopian tube ca
ampulla
51
MCC of post-menopausal bleeding
Endometrial atrophy
51
MC site of tubal ectopic pregnancy
ampulla
52
MC and most benign form of gestrational trophoblastic disease
hydatidiform mole
52
MC cystic pelvic masses found in pregnancy
corpus luteal cysts
53
Theca lutein cysts are most commonly seen in?
molar pregnancy in the 2nd tri
54
MC adnexal mass in pregnancy
functional cysts (follicular, corpus luteum, and theca-lutein)
55
Single MCC of a poor neonatal outcome
preterm delivery
56
MC tumor of the placenta / MC nontrophoblastic placental tumor / MC benign neoplasm of the placenta
chorioangioma
57
MC tumors of the umbilical cord
hemangiomas (baka same lang sa chorioangioma?)
58
2nd MC chromosome anomaly / 2nd MC autosomal trisomy
Trisomy 18
59
MC structural abnormality identified by US in trisomy 18
IUGR
60
MC causes of ventriculomegaly
Chiari II and aqueductal stenosis
61
MC neural tube defect
anencephaly
62
MC cleft anomaly
lateral cleft (both lip and palate)
63
MC type of cleft anomaly associated with aneuploidies
median cleft lip and palate
64
Aneuploidy most commonly associated with cystic hygromas in the 2nd tri
Turner syndrome
64
MC karyotype abnormality associated with cystic hygroma
Down
65
MCC of minimal dilatation of the renal pelvis
physiologic VUR
66
MC lethal skeletal dysplasia
thanatophoric dwarfism
67
MC fetal lie
longitudinal
68
MC breech presentation
frank
69
MC clinically significant type of human chromosomal abnormality
aneuploidy
70
MC inherited form of mental retardation
fragile X syndrome
70
(MC [severe] AR condition in the white population)
cystic fibrosis
71
Single, mc genetic cause of mental retardation
trisomy 21
72
(MC abnornalities in infants of diabetic mothers)
CHDs and NTD
73
MC cardiac defect of infants with Down syndrome
VSD
74
Most characteristic abnormality in Down syndrome
ASD with a common AV junction, aka common AV canal, AVSD, or endocardial cushion defect
75
MC associated cardiac anomaly in trisomy 21
endocardial cushion defect
76
MC cardiac anomalies in Turner syndrome
COA and bicuspid aortic valve
77
Leading cause of intestinal obstruction among newborns
duodenal atresia
78
ventriculomegaly
Down
79
alobar or semilobar holoprosencephaly
trisomy 13
80
(microcalcification of the papillary muscle)
trisomy 13
81
omphalocele
trisomy 18 and 13
82
urethrovesical obstruction (bladder outlet obstruction)
trisomy 18 or 13
83
diaphragmatic hernia
trisomy 18
84
cerebellar abnormalities, vermian agenesis, enlarged cisterna magna
trisomy 18
85
single umbilical artery
trisomy 18
86
Most commonly used method for determining short long bone length is to compare the actual with the expected measurement based on?
BPD
87
MC site of echogenic intracardiac focus
LV
88
MC and characteristic finding on prenatal sonography in meconium peritonitis
peritoneal calci
89
MC pathologic condition of the umbilicus in humans / MC abnormality of the umbilical cord
cord
single umbilical artery / 2-vessel cord
90
(MC heart defect reported in the CHARGE association)
TOF
91
(MC form of mental retardation in the US)
fetal alcohol syndrome
92
MC endocrine problem in septo-optic dysplasia
GH deficiency
93
MC organ system involved in VACTERL association
urinary tract anomaly
94
MC type of placentation in a monozygotic twin gestation
monochorionic-diamniotic
95
MCC of non-immune hydrops fetalis
fetal cardiovascular disease (2nd MC: chromosomal abnormalities)
96
MC site of placental separation
edge of the placenta (marginal abruption/hematoma)
97
MCC of bleeding in the 3rd tri
placental previa
98
MC predisposing conditions for placenta accreta
previous CS, placenta previa
99
MC complication of monochorionic twinning
twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
100
Now perhaps the MCC of polyhydramnios
GIT abnormalities (duodenal atresia / esophageal atresia)
101
MC location of ectopic hydatidiform mole
fallopian tubes
101
MC causative organisms in PID
Chlamydia trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae
102
Probably the MC benign gynecologic disease
endometriosis
103
MC mullerian duct anomaly
septated uterus
104
MC uterine anomaly of patients exposed to DES in utero
hypoplastic T-shaped uterus
105
MC adnexal lesions that contain blood
hemorrhagic cysts and endometriomas
106
MC sex cord tumors
fibromas
107
ase (MC primary ovarian tumors / MC malignant appearing cystic adnexal masses)
epithelial tumors
108
Calcifications in malignancy are most commonly seen in
IDCA and DCIS
109
MC round breast ca
IDCA
110
MC appearance of lymphoma involving the breast
lymphadenopathy
111
MC breast implants
single-lumen filled with either silicone or saline
112
MC complication associated with silicone gel-filled breast implants
capsular contracture / contracture of the fibrous capsule
113
(MC form of autologous tissue reconstruction)
transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap
114
MCC of mastitis
S. aureus
