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PBR 2 and 3 > Page 19 > Flashcards

Page 19 Flashcards

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1
Q

T1 and T2 signals of chronic noninvasive aspergillus sinusitis and chronic allergic hypersensitivity aspergillus sinusitis?

A

hypo T1 and T2

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2
Q

Site of Isolated obstruction of the maxillary sinus?

A

infunfibulum (of the maxillary ostium)

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3
Q

Combined obstruction of the ipsilateral maxillary, anterior and middle ethmoid, and frontal sinuses?

A

ostiomeatal pattern of obstruction / hiatus semilunaris (middle meatus)

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4
Q

Where do inverting papillomas occur exclusively?

A

lateral nasal wall, centered on the hiatus semilunaris

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4
Q

What ca are inverted papillomas associated?

A

SCC

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5
Q

Retromaxillary pterygopalatine fossa (adjacent to the sphenopalatine foramen) location is a hallmark feature

A

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

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6
Q

High within the nasal vault, involvement of the cribriform plate with extension into
anterior cranial fossa

A

Esthesioneuroblastoma

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7
Q

Where are minor salivary glands most highly concentrated?

A

palate

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8
Q

Superior recess of tympanic membrane between the scutum and neck of the malleus, where pars flaccida cholesteatomas arise

A

Prussak space (medial to pars flaccida - b/w scutum and neck of malleus)

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8
Q

Destructive midline bony mass centered in the clivus with predilection for the
sphenooccipital synchondrosis (horizontal line in the midclivus - sag view)

A

chordoma

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8
Q

Prior radiation or from malignant transformation of Paget dse

A

Osteogenic sarcoma

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9
Q

Trabecular coarsening w/o bony destruction

A

Paget disease

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10
Q

CT moth-eaten destruction /MR salt and pepper signal of jugular fossa

A

Glomus jugulare

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10
Q

Petrous apex: bright T1, bright T2

A

Cholesterol granuloma (because of cholesterol and hemorrhage)

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11
Q

Petrous apex: dark T1, bright T2, no enhancememt

A

retained fluid secretions (fluid signal)

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12
Q

Petrous apex: dark T1, bright T2, ring enhancememt

A

Petrous apicitis (just like abscess)

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13
Q

Petrous apex: bright T1, dark T2, no enhancement

A

Nonaerated petrous apex (normal marrow signal)

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13
Q

Early triad of radiographic findings in mucosal space malignancies

A
  1. superficial nasopharyngeal mucosal asymmetry
  2. ipsilateral retropharyngeal adenopathy
  3. mastoid opacification
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14
Q

Narrow the stylomandibular notch?

A

carotid space masses

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15
Q

Widen the stylomandibular notch / Push styloid process and carotid vessels posteriorly?

A

deep parotid space lesions

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16
Q

Danger space?

A

retropharyngeal space

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17
Q

How do you call paragangliomas arising from Arnold and Jacobson nerves? glomus tympanicum tumors Difference of schwannomas and neurofibromas as carotid space tumors:

A

schwannomas - encapsulated, do not infiltrate substance of nerve; neurofibromas - not encapsulated, multiple, permeate substance of nerve fibers

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17
Q

Characteristic low-intensity center on T1, involve >1 peripheral nerve

A

neurofibromas

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18
Q

Which head and neck nodes may normally measure up to 1.5 cm?

A

jugulodigastric and submandibular nodes

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18
Proclivity for perineural spread w/c serves as a hallmark? (3)
Fungal, SCC, adenoid cystic ca
18
What MR sequence can best visualize lymph nodes?
T2 fat sat, Gd: normal LNs-homogeneous, fatty hilum; abnormal LNs-heterogeneous, +cystic change, +necrosis
19
Highest node of the IJC?
jugulodigastric node
19
What are features suggestive of malignancy and/or infection?
Peripheral enhancement with central necrosis, extracapsular spread with infiltration of adjacent tissues, matted conglomerate mass of nodes
20
What structure the intra and extraconal spaces?
muscle cone or annulus of Zinn
21
How can you differentiate benign from metastatic enlarged LN based on shape?
Rounded form-suggests neoplastic nodal infiltration; reniform shape-most likely benign reactive change
22
Extensive thickening of the perioptic meninges reflecting peritumoral-reactive meningeal change, common in NF
arachnoidal hyperpasia / gliomatosis
22
lymphangioma lam mo na
22
<1 yr, regress after 1-2 yrs, infiltrative, flow voids
capillary hemangioma
22
Where does the apex of the muscle cone lie?
SOF
23
adults, sharply circumscribed, rounded, diffuse enhancement, mottled pattern
cavernous hemangioma
24
venous
varyx
25
Extraconal lesion with lipid content as a characteristic finding
dermoid
25
Unilateral globe diseases in the pedia
ocular toxocariasis, Coats disease (bilateral - retinoapthy of prematurity and persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous tumour
26
How can we differentiate recurrence from fibrosis?
Recurrence-high T2, fibrosis-low T2
26
What are helpful US signs of thyroid enlargement?
Thickening of isthmus >3mm, outward bulge of anterior surface of gland
26
What US finding is highly indicative of papillary thyroid carcinoma?
Punctate echogenic foci (microcalcification)
27
This diffuse thyroid disease causes progressive fibrosis that eventually destroys the gland
Reidel's thyroiditis
27
What diffuse thyroid disease shows striking diffuse increased vascularity, aka thyroid inferno?
Graves disease
27
What accounts for about 90% of congenital neck lesions?
Thyroglossal duct cys
28
Thyroglossal duct normally involutes at what AOG?
8-10 weeks
28
What is the usual course of the thyroglossal duct?
Foramen cecum (tongue base), anterior to thyrohyoid membrane & strap muscles, thyroid isthmus
29
What is the imaging modality of choice to determine the full extent of TDC?
Sagittal MR
29
When do laryngoceles present as a neck mass?
When it protrudes above the thyroid cartilage through the thyrohyoid membrane, presents as a lateral neck mass near the hyoid
30
In patients with laryngoceles without a known risk factor, what should be suspected?
? Underlying neoplasm obstructing the laryngeal ventricle
30
What is the main cause of laryngocele formation?
Chronically increased intraglottic pressure, as in excessive blowing or coughing
30
What are the differentials for TDC?
Necrotic anterior cervical LNs, thrombosed IJV, abscess, obstructed laryngocele
30
What are the diagnostic features of a laryngocele?
Communicates with laryngeal ventricle, found deep to the strap muscles
30
How do you classify laryngoceles?
Internal, external, mixed - accdg to relation to thyrohyoid membrane
31
What is one way we can differentiate TDC from laryngoceles?
TDC are either superficial or embedded within the strap muscles; laryngoceles are found deep to strap muscles
31
Majority of branchial cleft anomalies arise from which branchial cleft?
2nd branchial cleft
32
How does a branchial cleft cyst usually present?
Painless neck mass anterior to SCM
33
What are syndromes associated with fetal cystic hygromas? 3
Turner, Noonan, fetal alcohol syndrome
33
Lymphangiomas can be classified into these 3
capillary, cavernous, cystic
34
What are the differentials for BCC?
Necrotic LNs, abscess, cystic neural lesions, thrombosed vessel
35
Where are lymphangiomas commonly located
Posterior triangle of the neck
36
What are characteristic imaging findings of lymphangiomas?
Transspatial disease, heterogeneous T2 signal, multiloculated cystic masses with septations, +hemorrhage +fluid, compressible, does not displace adjacent structures

PBR 2 and 3 (41 decks)

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