Page 8 Flashcards
1
Q
SPIDER WEB pattern of collateral VEINS and LYMPHATICS
A
Budd-Chiari syndrome
2
Q
alternating web-like stenoses and aneurysms
A
(medial) fibromuscular dysplasia
3
Q
Presents with very large aneurysmal aortic root with sinotubular ectasia
A
Aortitis - Marfan syndrome
4
Q
Infectious process with the following pattern of LN involvement where 1 = right paratracheal, 2 = right hilar, and 3 = left hilar LN enlargement
A
sarcoidosis
5
Q
solid round mass within an upper lobe cavity with an air crescent separating the mycetoma from the cavitary wall
A
aspergilloma
6
Q
Parasitic pulmonary infection wherein if the cyst develops a communication with the bronchial tree and the pericyst ruptures, a thin crescent of air will be seen around the periphery of the cyst
A
pulmonary echinococcal cyst
7
Q
collapsed/crumpled cyst wall floating on top of the fluid within an uncollapsed pericyst
A
ruptured pulmonary echinococcal cyst
8
Q
dense opacities occupy the central / perihilar regions of lung and extend laterally to abruptly marginate before reaching the peripheral portions of the lung
A
airspace disease (almost exclusively,
9
Q
individually opacified lobules / interspersion of normal and diseased lobules
A
airspace processes, most clasically
10
Q
confluent bilateral dense micronodular opacities that, because of their high intrinsic density, produce the black pleura sign at their interface with the chest wall
A
alveolar microlithiasis
11
Q
volume of involved lobe may be increased by exuberant inflammatory exudate
A
Kleb. pneumoniae
12
Q
narrowing or waist of the diaphrgm on the herniated viscus
A
traumatic diaphragmatic hernia
13
Q
contact between the posterior ribs and the liver (right-sided injury) or stomach (left-sided)
A
traumatic diaphragmatic hernia
14
Q
curvilinear bronchovascular bundle entering the anterior inferior margin / hilar aspect of the mass
A
rounded atelectasis / folded lung
15
Q
air dissects between the pericardium and central diaphragm below to allo visualization of the central portion of the diaphragm in continguity with the right and left hemidiaphragms
A
pneumomediastinum (may be seen in pneumopericardium)
16
Q
spiculated margins; linear densities radiating from the edge of the nodule into the adjacent lung
A
highly suspicious for malignant nodule
17
Q
A
suggestive of malignant nodule
18
Q
geographic ground glass opacities superimposed upon thickened interlobular and intralobular septa / reticulation
A
pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, pulmonary edema (mc) particularly permeability edema, atypical pneumonia, pulmonary hemorrhage, rarely bronchoalveolar cell ca
19
Q
filling of the airspaces with mucoid material produced by the malignant cells creates low-density airspace opacification surrounding the enhanced pulmonary arteries that traverses the consolidated regions
A
diffuse form of bronchioloalveolar ca (also seen in other airspace-filling diseases, bacterial pneumonia,
lymphoma, and lipoid pneumonia)
20
Q
zone of relative decreased attenuation surrounding a dense, mass-like opacity
A
invasive aspergillosis
21
Q
lateral costophrenic sulcus appears abnormally deep and hyperlucent
A
pneumothorax
22
Q
visualization of the anterior costophrenic sulcus owing to air anteriorly and inferiorly as the dome and anterior portions of the diaphragm are outlined by lung and air, respectively
A
pneumothorax
23
Q
peripheral lung markings are accentuated
A
chronic bronchitis
24
Q
tumor extension from the paravertebral space into the spinal canal via an enlarged intervertebral foramen
A
neurofibroma
25
rare causes: sarcoidosis, Hodkin's lymphoma (after irradiation), histoplasmosis, amyloidosis, and TB; also, scleroderma (mediastinal)
mc: silicosis and coal dust exposure
26
subtended lung remains collapsed against the lateral chest wall
tracheobronchial injury
27
buckling of posterior tracheal membrane
tracheobronchomalacia
28
density through which the normal hilar vessels can be seen
mass superimposed on the hilum
29
vascular structures that converge only as far as the lateral margin of the increased hilar density
enlargement of intrahilar vessels
30
when viewed en face, appear as geographic areas of opacity
pleural plaques
31
cystic spaces 0.3-1 cm in diameter whose walls consist of fibrous tissue
mc: IPF, connective tissue disease, and sarcoidosis
32
tracheal stenosis
33
incomplete septation of the cartilage rings producing a long segment tracheal narrowing
congenital tracheal stenosis
34
small intraluminal but large extraluminal soft tissue component
carcinoid tumor of the central bronchi
35
small, sharply defined triangular opacity that projects upward from the medial half of the hemidiaphragm at or near the highest point of the dome, usually related to cephalic displacement of an inferior accessory fissure
RUL or LUL atelectasis (less common: RML)
36
overinflated superior segment of the lower lobe occupies the space vacated by the apical segment; apex of the hemithorax contains aerated lung. Sometimes, this lower lobe segment inserts itself medially between the apex of the atelectatic upper lobe and the mediastinum, allowing visualization of the aortic arc. The overinflated superior segment is seen as crescent of hyperlucency.
LUL atelectasis (also RUL but less common)
37
small airways disease (indirect sign), pulmonary arterial occlusive disease, PCP, DIP
38
involvement of the peripheral portion of the cartilage and has the appearance of two fingers
male costal cartilage
39
hamartoma
40
patchy ground-glass opacities surrounded by crescentic regions of more dense consolidation
COP but not specific
41
osteogenesis imperfecta and NF1
42
if overcirculation, TA; if undercirculation, TOF
associated with truncus arteriosus and TOF
43
central convex mass partially preventing the usual fissure concavity seen in RUL atelectasis; downward bulge is in the medial portion of the minor fissure
mass causing RUL atelectasis (any lobe
44
dilated thick-walled circular lucency with an adjoining smaller pulmonary artery (*if mid-lung, tram tracks)
cylindric bronchiectasis (upper and lower
45
empyema
46
thickened intralobular lines
IPF, UIP, alveolar proteinosis
47
varicose bronchiectasis
48
cystic bronchial dilatatation interrupted by focal areas of narrowing
varicose bronchiectasis
49
clusters of rounded lucencies, often containing air-fluid levels
cystic/saccular bronchiectasis
50
if the thoracic inlet mass is posterior or paravertebral in location, it is sharply outlined by the apical lung (in contrast to the anteriorly located thoracic inlet mass whose lateral border above the clavicle is indistinct)
posteriorly located thoracic inlet mass
51
rare; localized PERIPHERAL OLIGEMIA w/ or w/o distended proximal vessels
pulmonary embolism (pulmonary thromboembolism w/o hemorrhage or
infarction)
52
enlargement of a major pulmonary artery
pulmonary thromboembolism w/o hemorrhage or infarction
53
abrupt tapering of vesse
pulmonary thromboembolism w/o hemorrhage or infarction
54
wedge-shaped consolidation
pulmonary thromboembolism w/
infarction
55
stripes of intraluminal contrast media trapped b/w nodular areas of wall thickening
Pseudomembranous colitis
56
constricting lesion, markedly narrowing the lumen
colon ca
57
decreased or absent folds in fundus and body
atrophic gastritis
58
Primary Sclerosing cholangitis
59
alternating areas of dilatation and constriction of the main pancreatic duct
Chronic pancreatitis
60
Achalasia
61
tightly twisted mesentery
Small bowel volvulus
62
Small bowel volvulus
63
barium coating of a polyp when viewed obliquely
colonic polyp
64
produced by acute angle of attachment of polyp to the mucosa
gastric polyp
65
polyp, diverticula
66
two concentric rings produced by visualizing a pedunculated polyp end-on
pedunculated polyp
67
large flat-based ulcer with heaped up edges that fold inward to trap a lens-shaped barium convex toward the lumen
Malignant gastric ulcer
68
air bubbles rise to the highest point of contrast column (while fecal materila remains dependent)
colonic air bubbles
69
enhancing fibrovascular bundles centered within many of the dilated ducts; patulous bile ducts surrounding the portal veins
Caroli disease / Caroli intrahepatic ductal ectasia
70
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis
71
deep ulcerations forming fissures between nodules of elevated edematous mucosa; transverse and longitudinal fissuring of the mucosal surface with extension of knifelike clefts into the submucosa and muscularis propria; carpet of nodules in the luminal surface
Crohn disease
72
fibrofatty infiltration around inflamed bowel segments with engorged mesenteric vessels forming the comb
Crohn disease
73
luminal narrowing particularly in the terminal ileum due to fibrosis and progressive wall thickening
Crohn disease
74
Crohn colitis
75
cecal volvulus
76
barium trapped between intussusceptum and receiving bowel
Intussusception
77
most often in the RUQ
Intussusception
78
deeper ulcerations of thickened edematous mucosa w/ crypt abscesses extending into submucosa
ulcerative colitis
79
Adenomyomatosis
80
bright fluid within the Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses
Adenomyomatosis
80
intrahepatic venous collaterals
Budd-Chiari syndrome
81
bright inner, dark middle, bright outer rings
benign small bowel disease
81
fissures within gallstones containing nitrogen gas appearing as branching linear lucencies
Gallstones
81
stone layer dependently within, allowing a crescent of bile to outline the anterior portion of the stone
stone within the bile duct
81
posterior wall of the aorta cannot be identified and is closely applied to the spine
impending rupture of aortic aneurysm
81
dilatation of both CBD and pancreatic duct in the head of pancreas usually caused by a tumor at the ampulla
tumor at the ampulla
81
numerous ineffective tertiary contractions throughout the esopahgus
Diffuse esophageal spasm
82
tiny bubbles at the top of the barium column
fulminant Candida esophagitis
82
barium forms tracks paralleling the colon lumen and often connecting multiple perforated sacs
colonic diverticulitis
82
dark inner, bright outer rings
benign small bowel disease
82
hemorrhage in mural thrombus or in the wall of the aneurysm
impending rupture of aortic aneurysm
82
band-like peripheral enhancement
Liver metastases
82
multiple regular, thin, transverse folds in the esophagus
suggestive esophagitis
83
fatty liver dark on CT and bright on US
Fatty liver
83
arterial = central liver enhance prominently, weak peripheral enhancement; delayed = periphery of liver enhanced while washed out central liver
Budd-Chiari syndrome
83
thinned folds tethered together
scleroderma
83
oblique lines created by orientation of the transition zones
Sigmoid volvulus
83
medial displacement of the lateral edge of the liver
ascites (usually massive, more commmonly malignant)
83
soft tissue infiltration of the mesentery
Sclerosing mesenteritis
83
high signal focus within a low intensity nodule (high signal focus avidly enhances on arterial phase)
HCC developing from dysplastic nodule
83
apex of distended sigmoid colon may extend cephalad to transverse colon
Sigmoid volvulus
84
tumor nodules in on peritoneal surfaces
Peritoneal mesothelioma/ metastases
85
inflammation surrounding central fat
epiploic appendagitis
86
confluent enlarged lymph nodes engulfing mesenteric vessels but sparing the rind of fat surrounding the vessels
mesenteric lymphoma
86
series of ring-like strictures
eosinophilic esophagitis
87
barium trapped in the clefts between fronds
villous tumors of the stomach
87
masses of retroperitoneal nodes may sillhouette segments of the normally echogenic wall of the aorta
masses of retroperitoneal nodes
88
regular pattern of thickened folds
Intramural hemorrhage of duodenum
88
row of small gas bubbles oriented horizontally or obliquely across the abdomen
Small bowel obstruction
88
radiating soft-tissue density in the mesenteric fat due to mesenteric fibrosis
carcinoid tumor (SI)
89
stiff narrowed stomach
Scirrhous carcinoma/linitis plastica
89
multiple nodular defects along the colon
ischemic colitis (also seen in pseudomembranous colitis)
90
barium-filled sock within lumen of descending duodenum
Intraluminal duodenal diverticula
90
eroded femoral neck due to pressure erosion of multiple non-ossiified loose bodies in the joint
non-ossified synovial
90
flexion at the PIP and hyperextension at the DIP
RA
91
hyperextension at the PIP and flexion at the DIP
RA
91
flexion at the MCP and hyperextension at the IP
RA
92
radial deviation of the wrist and ulnar deviation at the MCP
RA
92
normal body of the meniscus
93
vertical longitudinal tear that can result in the inner free edge of the meniscus becoming displaced into the intercondylar notch
93
Arachnoiditis (type III)
93
divison of the tendon into 2 parts
ongitudinal split tear of the peroneus
94
Arachnoiditis (type II)
94
slight overlap of the humeral head with the glenoid
normal AP shoulder
94
fragmentation and compaction of subchondral bony fracture debris leading to the development of a subchondral lucent area along the fracture line
eg)osteonecrosis of the femoral head
95
line of low signal intensity reflecting bone sclerosis and an inner zone of high signal intensity indicating granulation tissue. Chemical shift misregistration artifact contributes to the double line sign.
osteonecrosis
95
focal radiodense areas in the cranial vault
Paget's disease (inactive osteosclerotic)
95
condensation of bone which are prominent along the contours of the vertebral body
Paget's disease (inactive osteosclerotic)
96
uniform increase in osseous density which can also be seen in mets or lymphoma
Paget's disease (inactive osteosclerotic
97
biconcave/step-off deformities
Paget's disease, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and hyperparathyroidism
98
funnel-like defect through a vertebra dividing it into right and left halves
99
hyperextension of the MTP joint and flexion of the PIP and DIP joints
OA (of the IP joints of the toes)
99
hyperextension of the MTP, flexion of the PIP, and hyperextension of the DIP
OA (of the IP joints of the toes)
99
MTP is in a neutral position and there is flexion of the PIP and DIP
OA (of the IP joints of the toes)
99
concaviity on the inferior surface of the lower lumbar vertebrae
normal
99
flexion of the DIP
OA (of the IP joints of the toes)
99
steplike central depression of the endplates
sickle cell anemia, Gaucher's disease
100
single centrl radiodense line related to ossification of the supraspinous and interspinous ligaments
ankylosing spondylitis
100
3 vertical radiodense lines related to ossification of the supraspinous and interspinous ligaments and apophyseal joint capsules
ankylosing spondylitis
100
pathognomonic
sickle cell anemia
100
sclerotic bands at the vertebral body endplates
hyperparathyroidism / renal osteodystrophy
100
renal osteosclerosi
100
endplates are densely sclerotic (to differentiate from rugger jersey spine, sandwhich vertebrae appearance is much denser and more sharply defined)
osteopetrosis
101
vertebrae have a small replica of the vertebral body inside the normal one
osteopetrosis
101
Intrauterine rubella
102
area of increased uptake corresponding to the reactive sclerosis + second area of increased uptake corresponding to the nidus
osteoid osteoma
102
piece of cortex breaks off after a fracture and sinks to the gravity-dependent portion of the lesion
solitary bone cyst
102
thinning and small areas of discontinuity or gaps
regional osteoporosis in RA
103
sharp leading edge of the lytic lesion
lytic phase of Paget disease
103
thickened cortical new bone that accumulates near the ends of long bones, usually on one side
melerheostosis
103
unilateral closure of sagittal suture
104
premature synostosis of multiple sutures, frequently accompanied by hypoplasia of the midportion of the face, hydrocephalus, and mental retardation
104
bilateral sacral stress fracture
105
Leprosy (Hansen's disease)
106
spinal subdural hematoma
107
Plasmacytoma involving a vertebral body; tendency to spare some of the bone, leaving struts of cortical bone and giving the appearance of a cut brain specimen
plasmacytoma/multiple myeloma
108
lunate or perilunate dislocation
109
costochondral junctions of the middle ribs
rickets
110
anterior bowing of the lower part of the leg due to the strong posterior pull of the Achilles tendon on the calcaneus
rickets (infancy and early childhood),
111
continued accumulation of osteoid in the frontal and parietal regions resulting in a squared configuration
rickets (first months of life)
112
intrusion of the hip and spine into the soft pelvis
rickets (increasing age
113
superior and outward displacement of the anterior fat pad
114
hypertrophied terminal tufts of the distal phalanges
acromegaly
115
(+) space between navicular and lunate
rotatory subluxation of the navicular
116
short tubular bones of the extremities with marked metaphyseal widening
metatropic dysplasia
117
large trochanters, typically the lesser trochanter, especially in infancy
metatropic dysplasia
118
metatropic dysplasia
119
particularly characteristic site of erosion in the medial surface of the proximal tibial shaft
Congenital syphilis
