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PBR 2 and 3 > Page 27 > Flashcards

Page 27 Flashcards

1
Q

MC affected leaflet in Congenital cleft mitral valve

A

Anterior leaflet

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2
Q

Type of mitral valve where All chordae tendineae are attached to a single papillary muscle

A

Parachute mitral valve

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3
Q

Anomaly demonstrating apical displacement of septal tricupid valve leaflet in relation to tricuspid annulus plane w/ resultant dilation of RA and RV and tricuspid regurgitation

A

Ebstein anomaly

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3
Q

Globular or box shape heart (frontal cxr)

A

Ebstein anomaly

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4
Q

MCC of congenital tricuspid regurgitation

A

Ebstein anomaly

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4
Q

Associated conditions of tricuspid atresia

A

Right-sided aortic arch and TGA

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4
Q

What is the cutoff measurement of apical displacement of septal leaflet for Ebstein anomaly?

A

> 8 mm/m2 (normal heart = septal and posterior leaflets are slightly apically displace relative to anterior MV leaflet of <8 mm/m2)

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4
Q

Dynamic or fixed anatomic obstruction to blood flow from RV to pulm varterial vasculatures

A

Congenital Pulmonary stenosis - valvular, subvalvular, supravalvular

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4
Q

Cardiac CT or MR depict fatty or muscular separation of RA from RV

A

Tricuspid atresia

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4
Q

Cyanotic type of CHD with small and hypoplastic RV, while RA is dilated and hypertrophied

A

Tricuspid atresia

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4
Q

Type of PS in double-chambered RV

A

Subvalvular PS

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4
Q

Refers to infection of valve leaflets as wel las prosthetic valves

A

Valve infective endocarditis

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4
Q

In the setting of RIGHT heart dse, break off of fragments of vegetation will result to?

A

Pulmonary septic emboli

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5
Q

Nonbacterial heart manifestation in px with SLE

A

Libman-Sacks nonbacterial endocarditis (rarely embolize unlike IE)

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5
Q

In the setting of LEFT heart dse, break off of fragments of vegetation will result to?

A

TIA or stroke

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5
Q

Plaque-like fibrous endocardial thickening involving heart valves (tricuspid and pulmonary)

A

Carcinoid heart disease

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5
Q

Chronic exposure to excessive circulating serotonin is an imoortant contributing factor

A

Carcinoid heart disease

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5
Q

Heart disaese associated withmetastatic neuroendocrine tumors

A

Carcinoid heart disease

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5
Q

Refers to valve fibrosis and scarring caused by autoimmune rxn to infection (group A strep) resulting to stemosis/regurgitation

A

RHD (majority with hx of rheumatic fever)

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5
Q

Postoperative complications ff valve surgery

A

Infection, dehiscence, and perivalvular leak

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5
Q

Late complications ff valve surgery

A

Valve regurgitation, IE, anastomotic dehiscence, pseudoaneurysm, and thromboembolic events

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5
Q

This imaging technique is now the reference standard for assessing chamber size, LV fxn, and ventricular mass in cardiomyopathies

A

Cardiac MRI

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5
Q

Leading case of sudden cardiac death in young adults and athletes

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) -AD genetic cardiomyopathy

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6
Q

Imaging hallmark of HCM

A

focal, regional, or diffuse LVH measuring >20mm at end-diastole (w/ classic hazy midmyocardial enhancement)

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6
Q

HCM variant with characteristic “spade-like” configuration of LV on vertical long axis

A

Apical HCM variant

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6
Q

MC location of asymmetric septal HCM

A

Anteroseptal segments (base of LV)

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6
Q

Ejection fraction in cardiac amyloidosis

A

Mildly reduced (cardiac amyloidosis is a restrictive cardiomyopathy)

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6
Q

MC form of HCM

A

Asymmetric septal involvement (other variants =apical, symmetric, midventricular, mass-like and noncontiguous)

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6
Q

Ejection fraction in HCM

A

Normal or increased

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6
Q

Ejection fraction in dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Decreased

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7
Q

Fabry disease vs HCM

A

In Fabry disease, hazy midmyocardial delayed enhancement is siolated to inferolateral segments of LV despite relative diffuse hypertrophy

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7
Q

Mimicker of HCM, an x-linked disorder with accumulation of glycosphingolipid in diff tissues including the heart

A

Fabry disease

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7
Q

Imaging hallmark of cardiac amyloidosis

A

Diffuse concentric LVH (also, diffuse subendocardial hypoperfusion and delayed enhancement), biatrial enlargement

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7
Q

Restrictive CM involvingg 1 or both ventricles with classic circumferentialRestrictive CM involvingg 1 or both ventricles with classic circumferential subendocardial patternl of delayed enhancement (same with cardiac amyloidosis)

A

Loeffler endocarditis

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7
Q

Classic Cardiac manifestation of hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES)

A

Loeffler endocarditis

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8
Q

MCC of cardiac amyloidosis

A

AL (Amyloid light chain) or primary amyloidosis -deposition of amyloid fibrils within heart

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8
Q

Loeffler endocarditis vs cardiac amyloidosis

A

Both have same circumferential subendocardial delayed enhancement. Loeffler -presence of adherent ventricular thrombi (low signal on LGE). Overtime, subendocardial fibrosis leads to obliteration of LV cavity and result in restrictive CM)

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9
Q

Cardiac chamber dilation with impaired contractility of LV

A

Dilated CM

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10
Q

AD, RV predominant disease including RV dilatation, reduced RV ejection fraction, and focal areas of RV dyskinesia leading to small aneurysms

A

Arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy (ARCV) or arrhythmogenic RV dysplasia (ARVD)

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10
Q

Imaging findings of dilated CM

A

Normal to mildly thinned LV myocardium with absent delayed dnhancement. (If present - linear midmyocardial distribution)

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11
Q

Imaging findings of Acute myocarditis

A

Global or regional areas of T2 hyperintensities (myocardial edema) with relative diffuse linear midmyocardial and subelicardial delayed enhancement

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11
Q

Myocardial fibrosis vs repaired myocardium in myocarditis

A

Ff up imaging - Delayed enhancement that persists (fibrosis), delayed enhancement that resolves (repaired injured myocardium)

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12
Q

Systemic inflammatory disorder characterized by deposition of noncaseating nonnecrotic granulomas including the heart

A

Cardiac sarcoidosis

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12
Q

MC involvement of LVNC

A

Anterolateral and inferolateral segments at the base and mid-cavity levels and much of cardiac apex (sparing the septum)

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13
Q

Imaging findings of cardiac sarcoidosis

A

Nonspecific mild LV dilatation w/ corresponding nodular midmyocardial LGE (involving inferolateral segment at midcavity level). FDG-PET =Patchy/focal areas of myocardial uptake along anterior and inferior LV wall. (In the background of bilateral mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathies)

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14
Q

Hypertrabeculation of LV myocardium with relative thinning of adjacent compacted myocardium

A

Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC)

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14
Q

Takatsubo vs STEMI and myocarditis

A

Signal abnormality/edema on T2 in regions of wall motion extending across vascular teritories w/o corresponding delayed enhancement. However edema resolves w/n 2 weeks in contrast to STEMI/myocarditis where it persists 2-3months after

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14
Q

Hallmark of Takatsubo CM

A

Transient hypokinesis or akinesis of mid and apical segments of LV w/ hypercontractility of basilar segments (leading to hallmark configuration of LV -resembling Takatsubo = japanese octopus pot)

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15
Q

Stress-induced CM frequently seen in postmenopausal women after severe emotional/physical event

A

Takotsubo CM/Apical ballooning syndrome/Broken heart syndrome

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15
Q

Findings of cardiac MR T2* shortening

A

Iron overload cardiomyopathy

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15
Q

Potential space where visceral and parietal serous layers are not attached

A

Pericardial cavity

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15
Q

2 layers of pericardium

A

1) visceral pericardium - innermost layer that lines the epicardial surface of heart separated from the outermost myocardium by epicardial fat, 2) parietal pericardium -has 2 layers (inner and outer=fibrous)

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15
Q

Staging of Iron overload CM (thru MR T2* mapping)

A

Normal >20ms (mean 40ms); MILD-MODERATE =10-20ms; SEVERE <10ms (stratify px at risk for heart failire and arrhythmia)

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16
Q

What forms the serous pericardium?

A

Visceral pericardium and inner layer parietal pericardium =adherent

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17
Q

Normal pericardial thickness on CT

A

Thin 1-2mm. >4mm is abnormal

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17
Q

Blood supply to pericardium

A

Branches from thoracic aorta and pericardiophrenic arteries

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17
Q

Cardiac recess: superior to LA, posterior to aorta and MPA, but anterior to oblique sinus

A

Transverse sinus

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17
Q

Cardiac recess: posterior and superior to the LA

A

Oblique sinus

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17
Q

MRI Appearance of pericardium

A

Hypointense to adjacent myocardium on all sequences

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17
Q

Normal volume of pericardial fluid

A

15-35 ml

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17
Q

T or F. Fibrous (outer) parietal layer is continues over aortic arch and blends w/ deep cervical fascia.

A

TRUE

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17
Q

Divisions of visceral pericardium

A

Arterial mesocardium = Portion of visceral pericardium covering the AA and pulmonary trunk; Venous mesocardium = covering the SVC, IVC, and 4 PV

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18
Q

Venous drainage

A

Thru venae pericardiales draining to azygos v, SVC, or brachiocephalic v.

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18
Q

Innervation

A

Predom thru branches of phrenic n (sime of posterior pericardium -vagal innervation from esophageal plexus)

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19
Q

Lymphatic drainage

A

Toward tracheobronchial nodes (and less frequently prepericardial LV and nodes)

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20
Q

Congenital lesion appearing as Smooth, ovoid mass along the hemidiaphragm, (x section) homogeneous thinned-wall without septations and no internal enhancement

A

Pericardial cyst

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21
Q

Pericardial cyst vs pericardial diverticulum

A

Diverticula often cannot be distinguished from cyst. Though diverticulum can change can change over time (may disappear)

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21
Q

Pericardial cyst vs cystic tumor

A

Internal enhancement, heterogeneous signal, thick wall, numerous septations, or invasion into surrounding structures raise rhe possibility of cystic tumors

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22
Q

MC location of congenital pericardial defect

A

Left side

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22
Q

MCC of pericardial defect or absence of pericardium

A

Postsurgical

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22
Q

Types of pericardial effusion

A

Transudative, exudative, hemorrhagic, or pyogenic

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23
Q

Causes of transudative pericardial effusion

A

CHF, pulm HPN

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23
Q

Associated congenital anomalies of congenital pericardial defect

A

ASD, PDA, bicuspid aortic valve, or pulmonary abnormalities

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23
Q

Causes of exudative pericardial effusion

A

Infection (pericarditis), inflammation, malignancy, autoimmune, and trauma

24
Q

Best radiographic clue of pericardial defect

A

Interposition of lung b/w MPA and transverse aorta (complete or large defects), bulging of left upper heart border (small defect consistent with LA herniation)

24
Q

MRI appearance of complete left-sided pericardial defect

A

Entire heart is typically displaced to the left and cardiac apex is positioned posteriorly

24
Q

This condition occurs when the pressure in the pericardial space exceeds that of the RV

A

Pericardial tamponade

24
Q

MC cause of cardiac tamponade

A

Pericardial effusion (as little as 100-200 ml especially for noncompliant pericardium dt inflammation or scarring)

25
Q

Causes of hemorrhagic pericardial effusion

A

Trauma or aortic dissection

25
Q

Causes of pyopericardium

A

MRSA infection

26
Q

T or F. Most pf idiopathic or viral pericarditis undergo complete resolution

A

TRUE

26
Q

Conditions leading to chronic pericardial fibrosis and adhesions

A

Pericarditis dt TB, radiation, chronic renal failure, or collagen vascular dse (RA, SLE, scleroderma), trauma

26
Q

Typical CT findings of cardiac tamponade

A

Moderate/large pericardial collection with compression/flattening of RA and/or RV, flattening or bowing of interventricular septum towards the LV

26
Q

T or F. Pneumopericardium can cause cardiac tamponade.

A

True -esp large volume of intrapericardial air

27
Q

MCC of pericarditis

A

Viral infection

28
Q

T or F. Causes of calcific pericarditis are the same as those that lead to fibrous pericarditis.

A

TRUE

29
Q

T or F. Patients with fibrous/calcific pericarditis are at increased risk of developing constrictive pericarditis,

A

TRUE

29
Q

Condition in which reduced compliance of pericardium leads to elavated ventricular diastolic pressure

A

Constrictive pericarditis (CP)

30
Q

T or F. Absence of pericardial thickening exclude the diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis.

A

FALSE

30
Q

Imaging findings of diffuse pericardial thickening (bestsee anteriorly) w/ calci, without pericardial effusion and conical shale heart

A

Constrictive pericarditis

30
Q

Rare entity presenting both latge pericardial effusion and stiff noncompliant pericardium

A

Effusive CP

30
Q

Constrictive pericarditis vs restrictive cardiomyopathy (via MRI)

A

(Interventricular interdependence). In CP, inspiration leads to flattening of interventricular septum and expiration leads tonormal configuration of septal bowing to the right. This fing is absent in restrictive CM

31
Q

Pericardial neoplasm associated with HIV infection

A

Primary effusion lymphoma (appearing as large pericardial effusion)

31
Q

Similar appearance with epiploic appendagitis centered in juxtapericardial fat assoc. w/pericardial thickening and effusion

A

Epicardial fat pad necrosis / pericardial fat necrosis (self-limited)

31
Q

MC primary pericardial neoplasm

A

Primary pericardial mesothelioma -although rare

31
Q

CT/MRI demonstrate heterogeneous pericardial effusion and thickening with FDG uptake of the thickening

A

Primary pericardial mesothelioma

31
Q

Ddx for fat-containing intrapericardial tumor

A

Teratomas or lipoblastoma (children); lipoma (adult)

32
Q

Pericardial lymphangioma vs pericardial cyst

A

Both show fluid attenuation. Enhancing septations are seen in lymphangioma, absent in pericardial cysts

32
Q

This malignancy should be considered in any pediatric px w/ heterogeneous
intrapericardial mass located b/w the aortic root and LA

A

Malignant germ cell tumors

32
Q

MC pericardial malignancy

A

Mets

32
Q

Pericardial lymphangioma vs pericardial hemangioma

A

Both are T2 hyperintense and have septations. Lymphangiomas show no internal enhancement. Hemangiomas show nodular enhancement w/nprogressive filling

33
Q

MC malignancies to involve the pericardium thru direct invasion or metastatic spread

A

Breast ca and lymphoma (others, melanoma and renal cell ca)

33
Q

Defining feature of LV

A

aortomitral fibrous tissue (aortic annulus and mitral annulus are coupled together)

33
Q

Aortic root diameter on CT

A

Male = 3.63-3.91 cm; female =3.5-3.72cm

33
Q

MC congenital cardiovascular anomaly

A

Bicuspid aortic valve (fish mouth appearance

34
Q

MC type of bicuspid aortic valve

A

Bicuspid valve w/ raphe (fusion of 2 cusps) = MC fused are (left and right cusps)

35
Q

Complications of bicuspid aortic valve

A

Aortic stenosis, COA, aneurysm (repair is recommended b/w 4.5-5cm diameter compared to general population at 5.5cm diameter)

35
Q

MC position of unicuspid aortic valve

A

Left posterior position

35
Q

Clover-leaf morphology of the aortic valve

A

Quadricuspid aortic valve - very rare

35
Q

Condition presenting with diminished upper limb pulses or ischemia secondary to narrowing of ipsilateral proximal subclavian artery

A

Subclavian steal syndrome

35
Q

Physiologic narrowing of ipsilateral proximal subclavian artery Subclavian steal syndrome Physiologic narrowing of aortic arch b/w L subclavian a. And ligamentum arteriosum

A

Aortic isthmus

36
Q

Focal prominence of aorta at ligamentum arteriosum, a normal variant

A

Ductus diverticulum / ductus bump

36
Q

T or F. Aortic arch is right-sided.

A

FALSE

37
Q

Left AA variant: R inominate and L com carotid have common origin

A

Two-vessel aortic arch

38
Q

Left AA variant: L vertebral a has an independent origin from AA (b/w L com carotid and subclavian a)

A

Four-vessel aortic arch

39
Q

L AA variant: R subclavian a arises from L subclavian gravelling behind the esophagus to supply the R UE

A

L aortic arch w/ aberrant R subclav a

40
Q

L AA bariant: absent diverticulum of Kommerell

A

Aberrant R subclav a

41
Q

What is diverticulum of Kommerell?

A

Aneurysmal dilatation at the origin of the aberrant R subclav a., an embryologic remnant of dorsal aortic arch

41
Q

R arch variant: 1st branch is L brachiocephalic (divides into L comm carotid and L subclavian a) ff R comm carotid and R subclavian a

A

R arch with mirror-image

41
Q

Symmetric four-vessel branching at the thoracic inlet w/ bilateral indentations at
lower trachea and compression of posterior esophagus

A

Double aortic arch

41
Q

R arch variant: 1st branch is L comm carotid, ff R carotid, R subclav, and aberrant L subclav arteries

A

R AA w/ aberrant L subclavian artery

42
Q

High location of aortic arch above the level of clavicle extremely rare)

A

Cervical aortic arch

42
Q

Discontinuity of aa in which there is complete absence or fibrous remnant of
interrupted segment

A

Interrupted AA

42
Q

In double aortic arch, which arch is larger?

A

RIGHT arch is larger

42
Q

All types of interrupted aa require a PDA for survival

A

TRUE

42
Q

Most common type of interrupted aa

A

Type B -interruption b/w L comm carotid and L subclavian (A- distal to L subclav; C -b/w R brachio and L comm carotid

42
Q

Focal narrowing of aorta adj to ductus arteriosus

A

Juxtaductal COA

42
Q

Anomaly associated with bicuspid aortic valve and Turner syndrome

A

COA

43
Q

Type of COA: severe, longer segment involvement, present in infancy w/ systemic hypoperfusion

A

Preductal COA

43
Q

Type of COA: present in adulthood w/ HPN and signs of L heart failure

A

Postductal COA

44
Q

T or F. Extensive collateral formation in COA may equalize UE and LE blood pressure.

A

TRUE

44
Q

Frontal xray finding of “figure of 3” sign

A

COA

44
Q

Rib notching in COA involves what ribs?

A

Bilateral central rib notching (posterior 4th to 8th ribs)

44
Q

COA vs pseudocoarctation

A

Both = assoc w/ bicuspid aortic valve. Pseudocoarctation lacks pressure gradient and arterial collateral formation, though may be assoc w/ HPN nad aneurysm

44
Q

Congenital elongation w/ prominent kinking of aorta at the aortic isthmus

A

Pseudocoarctation

45
Q

This is an indirect sign of previous atherosclerotic plaque rupture and can lead to thrombiembolic events

A

Plaque ulceration

45
Q

MCC of acquired sinus Valsalva aneurysm

A

Pseudoaneurysms (resulting from bacterial aortic valve endocarditis or aortic surgery)

45
Q

This is a sign of intimal disruption

A

Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer

45
Q

Connective tissue disordrss associated with Congenital sinus Valsalva aneurysms

A

Marfan, Ehlers-Danlos, Loey-Dietz syndromes

45
Q

MC involved sinus in aneurysm

A

RIGHT sinus of Valsalva

45
Q

Congenital heart disease associated with congenital sinus Valsalva aneurysms

A

Bicuspid aortic valve, VSD

46
Q

MC involved structure to rupture as a complication of aneurysm

A

RV and RA

46
Q

Term used when aortic annulus and prox ascending aorta are dilated

A

Annuloaortic ectasia (characteristic “tulip” appearance of aortic root)

46
Q

Definition of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA)

A

> 4cm diameter (intact vessel wall)

46
Q

MC location of TAA

A

50% ascending (prox to R brachiocephalic a); 40% descemding aorta (distal to L subclavian); 10% aortic arch

46
Q

MCC of TAA

A

atherosclerosis (MC descending aorta)

46
Q

Conditions associated with ascending aortic aneurysm

A

Giant cell arteritis, rheumatic fever, relapsing polychondritis

46
Q

Independent risk factor for ascending TAA, unrelated to presence of associated aortic stenosis

A

Bicuspid valve

47
Q

Complications of ascending aortic aneurysms

A

Dissection or rupture (rupture is the leading cause of death)

47
Q

Condition associated with aneurysm of the ascending aorta, aortic arch, arch vessels, abdominal aorta and pulmonary arteries

A

Takayasu arteritis

47
Q

Sign of impending rupture of aneurysm

A

Focal cresentic hyperateenuation in mural thrombus

47
Q

Indication for TAA repair in the setting of connective tissue disease (Marfan)

A

> 5 cm

47
Q

Indication for repair of acsending thoracic aneurysm

A

> 5.5 cm and/or interval growth of >0.5 cm (in 6 months) or 1 cm (in 1 yr)

48
Q

MCC of descending thoracic aortic aneurysm

A

Atherosclerotic disease

49
Q

Complications of descending TAA

A

Dissection, rupture, fistula formation to esophagus/airways

50
Q

Risk factors for rupture of descending TAA

A

Age, size >5cm, HPN, smoking, and COPD

51
Q

Conditions included in Acute Aortic Syndrome (AAS)

A

Aortic dissection, acute intramural hematoma (IMH), and Penetrating aortic ulcer (PAU)

51
Q

Indication for descending TAa repair

A

Size >6.5 cm and/or interval growth of >0.5 cm in 6months or 1cm in 1 yr

52
Q

T or F. AAS share common clinical presentation but can be distinguished thru imaging

A

TRUE

52
Q

stanford system: type of dissection involving ascending aorta (proximal to
innominate a)

A

Type A - require immediate surgical management w/ stent-graft placement

53
Q

Stanford system: type of dissection involving only the descending aorta (distal to L subclavian artery)

A

Type B - managed medically unless w/ evidence of end-organ ischemina or impending rupture

54
Q

MCC of aortic dissection

A

Marfan and Ehler-Danlos syndromes (congenital); chronic hypertension (acquired)

54
Q

Stanford system: dissection involving the aortic arch but do not extend proximal to
innominate

A

Type B with aortic arch involvement

54
Q

MCC location of intimomedial tear

A

Along R lateral wall of ascending aorta, 1-2cm from sinotubular jxn, or in prox descending aorta nezr insertion of of ligamentum arteriosum

54
Q

CXR findings of aortic dissections

A

Tracheal deviation, mediastinal widening, loss of aortic knob contour, enlargement of ascending/descending aorta, pericardial effusion, inward displacement of intimal calcifications

54
Q

True vs false lumen in aortic dissection

A

True lumen has smaller lumen with increase contrast opacification and acute angle of dissection flap in relation to false lumen, (dt increased pressure)

55
Q

Described as acute hemorrhage within the aortic wall without communication w/ aortic lumen (dt rupture of vasa vasorum w/n media)

A

Intramural hematoma (IMH)

55
Q

NECT findings of continuous, cresentic, hyperdense thickening of aortic wall w/
inward displacement of atherosclerotic calcifications

A

IMH

56
Q

T or F. IMH os also classified by Stanford system (similar w/ Aortic dissections).

A

TRUE

56
Q

Internal erosion into aortic media on the background of severe atherosclerosis

A

PAU

57
Q

PAU vs Ulcerated plaques

A

PAU =crater-like shape extending beyond the calcified intima; Complex ulcerated plaques = more jagged appearing and do not extend beyond intima

57
Q

CECT findings of focal contrast outpouching in the aorta w/c extends beyond calcified
intima

A

PAU

57
Q

MC location of PAU

A

Descending aorta (worse prognosis at aortic root or prox ascending aorta)

57
Q

T or F. Rupture appears to more common than dissection in the setting of PAU

A

TRUE

58
Q

MCC of aortic psuedoaneurysm

A

Traumatic aortic injury or in postoperative setting

58
Q

MC site of traumatic thoracic pseudoaneurysms

A

Aortic isthmusb(narrowing b/w distal arch and ligamentum arteriosum)

59
Q

Focal irregular outpouching of aorta sec to intimomedial disruption w/ extravasation contained by adventitia and surrounding mediastinal tissues

A

Aortic pseudoaneurysm

60
Q

MC site of postoperative pseudoaneurysms

A

Ascending aorta at sites of aortic puncture, cannulatoon, and/or cross-clamping

60
Q

Primary imaging modality for detecting pseudoaneurysms

A

Thoracic CTA -focal irregular outpouching of contrast beyond aortic lumen w/ narrow neck (true aneurysm has large neck neck)

61
Q

What are the different forms of aortic fistulas?

A

Aortoesophageal, aortopleural, aortobronchial, etc

62
Q

Causes of aortic fistulas

A

Anerysm rupture, PAU, foreign body ingestion w/ esophageal perforation, intrathoracic malignancies, and postaortic endovascular stenting

63
Q

MC site in Acute traumatic aortic injury (ATAI)

A

Aortic root, aortic isthmus (maximum traction); diaphragmatic aortic hiatus -less common

64
Q

T or F. Native aorta is resistant to infection.

A

TRUE

65
Q

What is luetic aortitis?

A

Infectious aortitis caused by tertially syphilis

PBR 2 and 3 (41 decks)

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