MSAT - Prac Questions Flashcards
(50 cards)
Define Learning
the acquisition of new information, knowledge or skills
Define memory
retention of learned memory
What is declarative memory
includes facts and events which can be easy to form but can also be easy to forget
what is attention
ability to focus on something while ignoring others
what is inattentional blindness
the failure to notice something even when it’s directly in our line of sight
where individuals fail to notice obvious but unexpected objects or events in their visual field when their attention is engaged with another task
Does multitasking exist
no
- The brain cannot fully pay attention to 2 tasks at the same time. When we attempt to multitasks we are really just switching our attention back and forth between tasks.
What are the 3 different types of distractions
- manual
- visual
- cognitive
what is manual distraction
Distractions that occur when we try to do too many things at once with our hands e.g. taking our hands off the wheel to fumble with a bowl of cereal
what are visual distractions
Distraction which happens when we look back and forth between state, e.g. taking eyes off the road to tune the radio
What are cognitive distractions
Distractions that happen when multitasking interferes with the processing of information in the brain, e.g. when we have a phone conversation while driving
What is classical conditioning
Type of learning where someone associates two stimuli, so that a previously neutral stimulus begins to produce a response after being paired repeatedly with a stimulus that naturally produces that response
What is a unconditioned stimulus
A stimulus that naturally triggers a response (e.g., food).
What is a unconditioned response
A natural, unlearned response to the unconditioned stimulus (e.g., salivating to food).
What is a neutral stimulus
a stimulus that initially produces no specific response (eg a bell)
What is a conditioned stimulus
The formerly neutral stimulus that, after association with the UCS, triggers a response (e.g., the bell after training).
What is a conditioned response
The learned response to the CS (e.g., salivating to the bell).
What is the important brain structure involved in the experience and expression of emotion and the structure that receives the most attention
amygdala
(- Damage to amygdala affects the ability of individuals to recognise emotional facial responses in others )
What is the Stroop Test
The Stroop test measures how well you can focus and control your impulses by asking you to name the color of a word’s ink when the word itself names a different color.
Stroop test structure
* Four conditions involving reading or naming colours.
* Stroop Facilitation: Word and ink match (e.g. “green” written in green) → faster reaction.
* Stroop Interference: Word and ink don’t match (e.g. “red” written in blue) → slower reaction, greater cognitive load.
What are automatic processes
processes which requires minimal cognitive effort
What are controlled processes
processes which involve greater effort and cognitive resources
What is the stroop effect
Delay in reaction time due to conflicting information
phenomenon that demonstrates the interference of automatic processing on task performing – specifically the conflict between reading a word and recognizing the colour of the ink it’s printed in
What is stroop facilitation
Faster responses when word and colour match
What is stroop interference
Slower responses when word and colour conflict
What are examples of cardiovascular changes during stress (stroop test as the stressor)
- ↑ Heart rate
- ↑ Cardiac output
- ↑ Systolic and diastolic blood pressure
- Vasodilation in skin and skeletal muscle
- ↓ Parasympathetic activity
- Sympathetic activation: Drives cardiovascular changes under stress
