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G's Phase 1 > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

1
Q

name a short bone

A

Carpals and tarsals

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2
Q

what is a sesamoid bone

A

patella and hyoid

a bone embedded in a tendon with no proper articulations

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3
Q

What type of bone is the scapula

A

Flat

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4
Q

what is cortical bone

A

compact dense bone eg the outside of the bone

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5
Q

what is trabecular bone

A

spongy appearance network of struts with many gaps
high strength
light weight

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6
Q

what is woven bone

A

fast made disorganized fibers

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7
Q

what type of collagen would you find in bone

A

Type I and V

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8
Q

what is lamellar bone

A

organized bone that replaces woven bone, but takes longer to make

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9
Q

what is the diaphysis

A

the shaft of the bone

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10
Q

what is the epiphysis

A

the head of the bone

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11
Q

what is the layer of facia that surrounds bones

A

periosteum

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12
Q

what are the 2 types of ossification processes

A

endochondral

intramembranous

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13
Q

what is endochondral ossification

A

Hyaline cartilage occupies space initially but is ossified later on - such as fetal development and long bone fracture healing

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14
Q

what is intramembranous ossification

A

bone forms directly from mesenchyme

usually for flat and irregular bones what

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15
Q

what forms the primary ossification center in bone formation

A

osteoblasts

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16
Q

What is a medullary cavity and how is it formed

A

where bone marrow sits

formed through breaking down of

17
Q

explain intramembranous ossification process

A
  • Mesenchymal stem cells cluster to form nidus
  • Cells in the nidus become osteoprogenitor cells
  • Osteoprogenitor cells become osteoblasts
  • Osteoblasts produce ECF type 1 collagen
  • Some osteoblasts get trapped and become osteoclasts
  • Spicules/Spurs grow to become trabeculae, and periosteum forms around it.
18
Q

What is the epiphysial plate

A

A growth plate allowing bones to elongate in children as they age

19
Q

what is the epiphyseal line

A

where the growth plate has ossified

20
Q

what mediates mineralization of bone fibrous matrix

A

vitamin D and Parathyroid hormone

21
Q

what differentiates into osteoclasts in remodeling

A

monocytes

22
Q

what are reasons for remodeling of bone

A 
changing shape
replacing woven bone 
reorientation of fibrils and trabeculae structure 
response to load 
calcium release 
damage repair
23
Q

What is RANK signaling pathway

A

RANK Ligand secreted by osteoblasts
binds to monocytes and causes osteoclast differentiation
oestrogen stimulates osteoblast secretion of RANK Ligand

24
Q

What does OPG stand for

A

osteoprotegerin

25
Q

What is the role of OPG

A

Antagonises RANK L

prevents bone reabsorption

26
Q

what produces OPG

A

osteoblasts and stromatolites

27
Q

what is Wolff’s Law

A

Bone will adapt to loads under which it is placed

28
Q

what is Calcitriol

A

Active Vit D

29
Q

what does calcitriol do?

A

promotes absorption of calcium in the duodenum and proximal jejunum

30
Q

when and where is calcidiol converted to calcitriol

A

in the kidney in the presence of PTH

31
Q

Where is calcidiol produced and what is it produced from?

A

Vit D3 to calcidiol is done in the liver

under cytochrome p450 system

32
Q

What produces calcitonin and when

A

Thyroid C-Cells

Hypercalcemia

33
Q

What regulates serum phosphates

A

FGF-23

34
Q

What produces FGF-23 and what does it do?

A

Produced by osteocytes in response to PTH
decreases calcitriol
increases phosphate excretion in kidneys
- by decreasing Na+ PO4- cotransporters

35
Q

what is a synarthroses joint

A

immobile fibrous joints e.g manubriosternal joint

36
Q

A joint is diathroses. What does this describe

A

A freely moving synovial joint

37
Q

Amphiarthroses joint describes what?

A

slightly mobile joints

intervertebral disks

G's Phase 1 (11 decks)

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