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G's Phase 1 > Weaknesses > Flashcards

Weaknesses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis. Which layer contains melanocytes?

A 
Stratum Corneum 
Stratum Lucidum 
Stratum Granulosum 
Stratum Spinosum 
Stratum Basale - contains melanocytes 
Dermis
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2
Q

What tasks are Instrumental Activities of Daily Living?

A 
Managing Medication 
Using telephone 
Doing a food shop 
Transport 
Managing finances 
Clean your house
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3
Q

What are the order of blood vessels in the kidney?

A 
Renal 
Segmental 
Interlobar 
Arcuate 
Interlobular
Afferent 
Efferent
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4
Q

Theoretical model of behavior change order

A 
Precontemplation 
Contemplation 
Preparation 
Action 
Maintenance
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5
Q

What is Barrett’s Oesophagus

A

Where the epithelia changes near where the stomach starts. Stratified Squamous > Simple Columnar

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6
Q

What is the Wilson and Jugner criteria and what are they?

A

Criteria for if a screening initiative should take place.

  • Understand the the disease
  • Cost effective with benefits
  • Treatment guidance is pre-laid out
  • Test should be acceptable to patients
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7
Q

What is the action of Allopurinol?

A

Blocks xanthine oxidase

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8
Q

How are purines processed?

A

Xanthine oxidase converts

Purine > Xanthine + Uric acid

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9
Q

What week for the lung buds enlarge to form the main bronchi?

A

Week 5

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10
Q

What is utilitarianism?

A

Providing maximum benefits and balancing them with the risks

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11
Q

What arteries supply the pancreas?

A

Superior and Inferior pancreatoduodenal and the splenic

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12
Q

What is the number needed to treat?

A

Number of individuals who have to undergo treatment for just 1 of them to get better

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13
Q

What shape are osteoblasts?

A

Cuboidal

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14
Q

How many layers does oxygen pass through in the alveoli

A

4 or 7 depending on how you group things

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15
Q

What layer difference differentiates arteries and veins.

A

Veins lack external elastic lamina

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16
Q

What enzyme is the rate limiting step of the urea cycle?

A

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I

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17
Q

What is Campers Facia?

A

superficial layer of fat on the abdomen and upper thighs

18
Q

What type of jaundice is Gilberts syndrome

A

Pre-hepatic despite being a problem with the glucuronosyltransferase enzyme, as it is a build up on unconjugated bilirubin.

19
Q

What is Secondary prevention?

A

to detect disease early for treatment

20
Q

What enzyme converts Isocitrate to a-Ketoglutarate

A

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

21
Q

What enzyme converts Citrate to Isocitrate?

A

Aconitase

22
Q

Name all the things in the Krebs cycle

A 
Acetyl-CoA 
Citrate 
Isocitrate 
Alpha-Ketoglutarate
Succinyl-CoA
Succinate 
Fumarate
Malate   
Oxaloacetate
23
Q

What is the function of the Hippocampus

A

Converts short term memories to long term memories.

Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s

24
Q

Describe the spirometry changes in asthma

A

FVC FEV1 Both decrease

FEV1 decreases more than FVC so ratio also goes down.

25
Q

When is progesterone produced in the mensural cycle and what stimulates it?

A

Produced by the corpus luteum after ovulation.

Therefore increasing in the luteal phase.

26
Q

How is relative risk difference calculated?

A

Find absolute risk difference (high risk-low risk) then divide by the low risk. convert to %.

27
Q

What part of adipose tissue breakdown can be used for gluconeogenesis?

A

Glycerol

28
Q

What cells lineage give rise to osteoblasts?

A

Mesenchymal stem cells

29
Q

How is insulin released by beta cells?

A 
Glucose enters through GLUT2 
ATP is produced 
ATP gated K+ channels get blocked 
Membrane polarizes
Voltage gated calcium channels open 
Calcium catalyzes exocytosis of vesicles
30
Q

What organelle digests proteins?

A

Lysosomes

31
Q

Where is mRNA synthesized?

A

Nucleus

32
Q

What is the function of the Nucleolus?

A

rRNA synthesis of new ribosomes

33
Q

What is the role of arachnoid granulations?

A

Drain CSF from the subarachnoid space into the subdural space (where venous drainage is)

34
Q

What produces CSF?

A

choroid plexus - ependymal cells

35
Q

What role do ATP and ADP play in muscle contraction?

A

ATP must attach for the myosin head to detach it from the actin.
ATP hydrolysis is required to reset the myosin head.
ADP + Pi is displaced by the power stroke.

36
Q

What is the name of the surface point the appendix can be found?

A

Mcburney’s point

37
Q

What are the Pyramidal tracts?

A

Rubrospinal
Vestibulospinal
Reticulospinal
Tectospinal

38
Q

What are the extra pyramidal tracts?

A

Corticospinal
-lateral………muscle tone and fine motor
-anterior……muscle tone and trunk muscles
Corticobulbar
-muscles of the head and neck

39
Q

What is the resting and threshold potential of:
Neurons
Myocytes

A

Neurons: -70, -55
Myocytes: -90, -~70

40
Q

What are osteoclasts derived from?

A

Hematopoietic stem cells

41
Q

What is FGF-23’s role

A

Prevents reabsorption of bone

G's Phase 1 (11 decks)

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