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MSK/Sports Med Flashcards

(96 cards)

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1
Q

power lifting in teens

A

risk for apophyseal avulsion fractures

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2
Q

no sports for how long after myocarditis

A

at least 6 months

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3
Q

no sports for how long after kawasaki

A

at least 8 weeks

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4
Q

heart findings that can be normal in an athletic teen

A

LVH and bradycardia

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5
Q

marfan syndrome sports restrictions

A

low collision only and no weight lifting (avoid muscle straining)`

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6
Q

murmur that gets louder with sitting or standing or murmur that appears with squatting

A

HOCM

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7
Q

kids with HOCM die from

A

arrhythmia (usually Vtach)

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8
Q

headache, nausea, vomiting, sweating with core temp <104

A

heat exhaustion

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9
Q

hot dry skin with confusion and core temperature >105

A

heat stroke

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10
Q

heat stroke causes end organ damage via

A

release of endotoxins and cytokines

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11
Q

distinction between heat stroke and heat exhaustion

A

heat stroke they are dry/not sweating and have CNS symptoms

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12
Q

children should drink how much when outdoors

A

3 to 8 oz every 20 minutes

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13
Q

minor stretching of the ligament

A

grade 1 sprain

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14
Q

ligaments are partially torn, tenderness, bruising and swelling present, some loss of function

A

grade 2 sprain

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15
Q

ligament is completely torn with significant pain, tenderness, bruising and loss of function

A

grade 3 sprain

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16
Q

most common ankle sprain type

A

anterior talofibular ligament

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17
Q

most common mechanism of ankle sprain

A

inversion injury causing lateral ligament damage

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18
Q

ankle sprain treatment

A

ice for 20 minutes at a time over the first 36 to 48 hours

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19
Q

compartment syndrome signs

A

pain, paresthesias, pallor, paralysis, pulselessness

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20
Q

next step for injury to leg with bruising, swelling, diminished sensation, good pulses

A

obtain compartment pressures

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21
Q

pain over lateral patella with deformity over medial

A

patella subluxation

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22
Q

management for patella subluxation

A

develop and maintain quad and hamstring strength

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23
Q

anterior knee pain with jumping, running or squatting

A

patellofemoral syndrome

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24
Q

how to diagnose patellofemoral syndrome

A

clinically (no X-rays)

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25
anterior knee pain with visible swelling
prepatellar bursitis
26
pain over dorsum of hand near base of thumb
scaphoid fracture (pain at anatomical snuffbox)
27
trauma to the elbow must consider
neurovascular compromise
28
pain on passive extension of fingers after elbow injury
neurovascular compromise
29
posterior fat pad sign on lateral elbow xray
effusion associated with fracture (anterior fat pad is normal)
30
most common injury with falling on an outstretched arm that is hyperextended at the elbow
supracondylar fracture
31
most common injury with falling on an outstretched arm that is supinated and partially flexed at the elbow
dislocation of elbow
32
most common injury with direct impact causing lateral rotation of the arm
epiphyseal fracture
33
most common injury with falling back on a posteriorly rotated, abducted arm
anterior humoral dislocation
34
most common injury with pain over distal clavicle with a prominence
acromioclavicular injury
35
most common injury with direct force to the posterior shoulder with pain over the sternoclavicular joint and possible respiratory discomfort
posterior dternocalvicularv dislocation
36
most common injury with shoulder and upper arm pain without asymmetry
proximal humeral fracture
37
most common injury with chronic shoulder pain when moving arm, no deformity
rotator cuff injury
38
AC joint separation vs fracture
separation will happen if skeletally mature, palpable step off without crepitus
39
sport with highest risk for head injury
football
40
sport with highest rate of neck injuries
football
41
sport with highest rate of eye kinuries
baseball
42
genu valgum
knock kneed (distal part of the leg points outward)
43
genu varum
bow legged (distal part of the leg points inward)
44
end of the long bone
metaphysis
45
the rounded end of the long bone
epiphysis
46
infantile blounts disease
bowing of legs. more common in african american. no treatment
47
adolescent Blount's disease
bowing of legs. usually overweight. more common in african American. treatment is bracing or surgery
48
negative xray with tenderness at physis
type 1 salter Harris fracture
49
type 1 SH fracture treatment
casting for 2 to 3 weeks
50
piece of metaphysics splits as well as physis
type 2 SH fracture
51
type 2 SH fracture treatment
closed reduction casting for 3 to 6 weeks
52
through the growth plate and epiphysis
type 3 SH fracture
53
type 3 SH fracture treatment
may require open reduction
54
fall on outstretched arm with cortical break on one side and intact periosteum on the other
greenstick fracture
55
most common form of OI
type 1
56
major feature of OI type 1
conductive and sensorineural hearing loss
57
OI type 1
fracture in preschool years, normal lifespan, normal height, hearing loss
58
most severe type of OI
type 2
59
OI type 3
progressively deforming type, born with fractures and progress, born with blue/grey sclera that lighten over time, macrocephalic and short stature, dentinogenesis imperfecta
60
OI type 4
like type 1 but sclera are white
61
paroxysmal torticollis
migraine variant lasting minutes at a time
62
congenital torticollis can be associated with
hip dysplasia
63
syndrome with fusion of cerival vertebrae with short neck and low occipital hairline
klippel-feil syndrome
64
failure of scapula to descend to normal position during fetal development
sprengel deformity - mimics torticollis
65
risk factors for DDH
breech, family history, female, first born. oligohydramnios
66
knees adducted with downward pressure to dislocate hip
barlow
67
movement to attempt to relocated a dislocated femoral head
ortolani
68
ortolani and Barlow only reliable up to
3 months
69
sign of DDH after 3 months
limited hip abduction, unequal knee height (galeazzi sign), asymmetric gluteal folds
70
diagnosis of DDH
real time US with manipulation if first 4 months, pelvic xray if after
71
DDH treatment
pavlik harness (hips held in abduction, flexion and external rotation)
72
knee pain in overweight adolescent
slipped capital femoral epiphysis
73
7 year old with waddling gait and limp
legg-calve perthes
74
vague joint aches after MMR
post infectious arthritis from rubella component
75
treatment for septic joint with sickle cell
cefotaxime to cover Staph and salmonella
76
most common cause of acute hematogenous osteoporosis in all ages
staph aureus
77
avascular necrosis of the femoral head
legg-calve-perthes
78
xray with one femoral head smaller than the other
legg-calve-perthes
79
teen w/ limp and knee pain, leg held extended and externally rotated
slipped capital femoral epiphysis
80
ice cream scoop falling off of cone on xray
slipped capital femoral epiphysis
81
pain at the insertion of the patellar tendon at the anterior tibial tubercle
osgood-schlatter
82
heel pain in athlete is likely
sever's syndrome (calcaneal apophysitis)
83
unicameral and simple bone cysts are found where
proximal humerus or femur - fluid filled cysts that are benign and usually asymptomatic, found on xray
84
aneurysmal bone cysts are found where
tibia or femur - painful and can be associated with underlying bone tumors
85
stretchy skin, hyper mobile joints and poor wound healing
ehler's danlos
86
must also do what screenings with congenital scoliosis
renal US and cardiac echo
87
how quickly does idiopathic scoliosis tend to progress
1 degree per month during growth spurt until skeletal maturity
88
management for idiopathic scoliosis with <25 degree curve
observation
89
management for idiopathic scoliosis with 25-40 degree curve and more than 2 years of growth expected
bracing
90
management for idiopathic scoliosis with >40 degree curve
surgery
91
normal thoracic curve in sagittal plane
20 to 40 degrees
92
kyphosis defintion
>60 degree curve of thoracic spine in the sagittal plane (side view)
93
bad posture, kyphosis and back pain in a teenager
scheuermann disease
94
toe walking is an issue if persists past
2 to 3 years
95
causes of intoeing
1. metatarsus adduction in infancy 2. tibial torsion in toddlerhood (resolves spontaneously) 3. femoral anteversion in early childhood (resolves spontaneously)
96
nighttime pain that responds to NSAIDs, xray w/ sharp round lesion 1 cm in diameter
osteoid osteoma

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