Flashcards in Murray's Personology Deck (29):
1
Published 'Explorations in Personality: A Clinical and Experimental Study of Fifty Men of College Age' which provided a rich data source on which he based his theory
Henry Murray
2
Murray's system of personality
Personology
3
Identify the principles of Murray's personology
1. Personality is rooted in the brain
2. People act to reduce physiological and psychological tension
3. An individual's personality continues to develop over time and is constructed of all the events that occur during the course of that person's life
4. Personality changes and progresses
5. Each person is unique and similar at the same time
4
To Murray, it contains the primitive, amoral and lustful impulses described by Freud but also contains desirable impulses such as empathy and love
Id
5
To Murray, it is shaped not only by parents and authority figures, but also by the peer group and culture
Superego
6
To Murray, a component of the superego that contains the moral or ideal behaviors for which a person should strive
Ego-Ideal
7
To Murray, the conscious organizer of behavior; not only suppresses id pleasure but also fosters pleasure by organizing and directing the expression of acceptable id impulses
Ego
8
Murray's most important contribution to theory and research in personality is his use of the concept of needs to explain the motivation and direction of behavior. Enumerate Murray's list of 20 needs.
Abasement; Achievement; Affiliation; Aggression; Autonomy; Counteraction; Defendance; Deference; Dominance; Exhibition; Harmavoidance; Infavoidance; Nurturance; Order; Play; Rejection; Sentience; Sex; Succorance; Understanding
9
To Murray, survival and related needs arising from internal bodily processes
Primary needs (viscerogenic needs)
10
To Murray, emotional and psychological needs, such as achievement and affiliation
Secondary needs (psychogenic needs)
11
To Murray, needs that involve a response to a specific object
Reactive needs
12
To Murray, needs that arise spontaneously
Proactive needs
13
Needs differ in terms of the urgency with which they impel behavior, a characteristic Murray called __.
A need's prepotency
14
Some needs are complementary and can be satisfied by one behavior or a set of behaviors; Murray called this
a Fusion of needs
15
To Murray, a situation in which one need is activated to aid in the satisfaction of another need
Subsidiation
16
To Murray, the influence of the environment and past events on the curent activation of a need
Press
17
To Murray, a combination of press (the environment) and need (the personality) that brings order to our behavior
Thema
18
To Murray, a normal pattern of childhood development that influences the adult personality
Complex
19
Identify the 5 complexes in Murray's childhood developmental stages
Claustral Complex
Oral Complex
Anal Complex
Urethral Complex
Genital / Castration Complex
20
Identify forms of the claustral complex
Simple Claustral Complex (desire to be in small, warm, dark places that are safe and secluded)
Insupport Complex (fears open spaces, falling, drowning, fires, earthquakes)
Anti-Claustral/Egression Complex (need to escape from restraining womblike conditions; fear of confinement; prefer open spaces, fresh air, travel, movement, change and novelty)
21
Identify forms of the oral complex
Oral Succorance Complex (mouth activities, passive tendencies and need to be supported; kissing, sucking, eating, drinking, hunger for affection)
Oral Aggression Complex (oral and aggresive behaviors; biting spitting, shouting, verbal aggression)
Oral Rejection Complex (vomiting, being picky about food, eating little, desiring seclusion, avoiding dependence)
22
Identify forms of the anal complex
Anal Rejection Complex (dirty and disorganized; aggression)
Anal Retention Complex (accumulating, saving and collecting things; cleanliness)
23
Describe the urethral complex
Associated with excessive ambition, distorted sense of self-esteem, exhibitionism, bedwetting, sexual cravings and self-love; persons aim too high and dreams shattered by failure
24
Describe the genital or castration complex
Boy's fantasy that his penis might be cut off; such fear grows out of childhood masturbation and accompanying parental punishment
25
According to Murray, our goal is not a tension-free state but rather the __ derived from acting to reduce the tension.
Satisfaction
26
Murray directed an assessment program for the __ to select people to serve as spies and saboteurs.
Office of Strategic Services (forerunner of the CIA)
27
Murray derived the Thematic Apperception Test from __.
Freud's defense mechanism of projection
28
A basic segment of behavior; a time period in which an important behavior pattern occurs from beginning to end
Proceeding
29