Muscular System

Question 1

Define the epimysium

Answer 1

A muscle that is wrapped in fibrous membrane

Question 2

What are the subgroups of muscles called

Answer 2

Fassicles

Question 3

Each fassicle consists of what

Answer 3

Hundreds of muscle fibers

Question 4

What is a muscle fiber

Answer 4

An individual muscle cell (myocyte)

Question 5

Each myocyte contains what

Answer 5

“Thread like chains” of myofibrils

Question 6

What are the alternating regions of the myofibril

Answer 6

Sacromeres

Question 7

Each sacromere contain what?

Answer 7

Actin and myosin protein

Question 8

What does myosin do

Answer 8

Pulls actin ends together to create muscle contraction when ATP attaches to myosin heads

Question 9

What do electrical impulses do?

Answer 9

Initiates muscle contraction

Question 10

Define neurotransmitter’s

Answer 10

Cross the nerve gap & Bind to receptors on the muscle membrane

Question 11

Define Acetylcholine

Answer 11

Causes muscle receptors to release calcium ( which triggers production of ATP)

Question 12

What are the 3 sources of ATP for muscle contraction

Answer 12

1. Creatine phosphate
2. Glucose from glycogen (aerobic)
3. Glucose from glycogen (anaerobic)

Question 13

Define creatine phosphate

Answer 13

A nitrogen based molecule used to make ATP for muscle cell contraction

Question 14

Define glucose from glycogen

Answer 14

Glycogen is a long strand of glucose molecules

Glycogen is spilt into glucose molecules

Glucose is metabolized into ATP through aerobic metabolism (presence of oxygen) or anaerobic (lactate fermentation) metabolism (no oxygen)

Question 15

Define striated muscle

Answer 15

Muscle of skeletal system for voluntary movement

The striations are microscopic visible sacromeres

Question 16

Define non striated muscle

Answer 16

Aka smooth, visceral

Involuntary muscles of digestive tract and blood vessels

Individual Sarcomeres run parallel to each other

Question 17

Define cardiac muscle

Answer 17

Aka myocardial
Heart muscle that is involuntary but striated

Question 18

Define the origin

Answer 18

The muscles proximal attachment
No movement occurs here

Question 19

Define the insertion point

Answer 19

Muscles distal attachment

Where movement occurs

Question 20

Define a tendon

Answer 20

Tissue that connects muscle to bone

Question 21

Define a ligament

Answer 21

Tissue that connects bone to bone

Question 22

Define the sternocleidomastoid

Answer 22

Located in lateral neck

Allows rotation of the head

Insertion: mastoid portion temporal bone
Origin: clavicle & sternal manubrium

Question 23

Define the deltoid

Answer 23

Located at the top of the shoulder
Abduction of the arm

Origin: clavicle shaft acromion and acromial extremity

Insertion : proximal, lateral humerus below surgical neck

Question 24

Define the rotator cuff

Answer 24

Group of 4 muscles surrounding the scapula

Internal and external humeral rotation

Origin: multiple places anterior and posterior scapula

Insertion: humerus greater and lesser tubercles

Question 25

Define biceps brachii

Answer 25

Located proximal, anterior humerus Flexion of elbow Origin: humeral head & scapular coracoid process Insertion: radial tuberosity and ulnar coronoid process

Question 26

Define triceps brachii

Answer 26

Located posterior humerus Extension at elbow Origin: humeral neck and scapula axillary margin Insertion: ulnar olecranon process

Question 27

Define trapezius

Answer 27

Located on posterior surface of upper back Rolling shoulders back Pulling shoulders up Origin: base of skull (EOP), cervical and thoracic spinous processes Insertion: scapular spine

Question 28

Define pectoralis major

Answer 28

Located anterior chest wall beneath breast tissue Medial rotation @shoulder Adduction/crossing the arms Origin: sternal extremity , clavicle and sternum Insertion: proximal, anterior humerus below surgical neck

Question 29

Define intercostal muscles

Answer 29

Located between ribs Inhalation during contraction of external layer Exhalation during contraction of internal layer Origin: shaft and costal cartilage of rib above Insertion: shaft and costal cartilage of rib below

Question 30

Define the diaphragm

Answer 30

Separates that from abdomen Inhalation during contraction Exhalation of relaxation Origin: L1 (crus), XI & Xll Insertion : base of lungs via central tendon

Question 31

Define the rectus abdominus

Answer 31

Located anterior abdominal Flexing and Turning at the waist Origin: 5th -7th coral cartilage and xiphoid tip Insertion : pubic bone

Question 32

Define latissimus Doris

Answer 32

Located lower back Adduction of arm Medial rotation @shoulder (internal) Arm extension Origin: spinous process, lower thoracic and lumbar and sacral crest Insertion: proximal, medial humerus below surgical neck

Question 33

Define psoas major

Answer 33

Located inner abdomen and pelvis Flexion of hip (raising knee up) Origin: transverse processes L1-L5 Insertion: lesser trochanter femur

Question 34

Define gluteus Maximus

Answer 34

Aka buttocks Largest muscle in the body Abduction and Adduction of lower thighs Extension of hip Lateral rotation of leg Origin: posterior ilium and lateral sacrum Insertion: posterior , proximal femur

Question 35

Define quadriceps femoris ( rectus femoris)

Answer 35

Locate anterior , upper thigh Strongest muscle in body Extension of knee Origin: anterior ilium (AIIS), multiple proximal femur attachments Insertion: tibia tuberosity

Question 36

Biceps femoris

Answer 36

1 of 3 muscles that make up the hamstring Located posterior, medial aspect of upper thigh Flexion at knee Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: posterior fibula head

Question 37

Define gastrocnemius (calf)

Answer 37

Located posterior, lower leg Plantar Flexion Origin: posterior femoral condyles Insertion: calcaneus tuberosity ( via Achilles tendon)

Question 38

What are prime movers

Answer 38

Aka agonist Muscles which initiate a movement from the anatomical position Ex: sternocleidomastoid, biceps brachii, biceps femoris

Question 39

What are antagonists

Answer 39

Muscles which move opposite of primes movers Return to anatomical position Ex : triceps brachii, quadriceps femoris

Question 40

What are synergists

Answer 40

Muscles which act with prime movers to prevent movement of unwanted body parts Stabilizing muscles Staying in contracted state to maintain posture