Reproductive system Flashcards by Devon Pardue

What Is the structure if the sperm cell

The head
-Haploid nucleus w/23 chromosomes
Mid piece
-Mitochondria produces ATP for energy
Tail
-Flagella for motility (movement)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Discuss the location & characteristic of the Testes

Located externally within scrotal sac
Produces sperm cells & male sex hormones

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define seminiferous tubules

Located inside the testicle where sperm cells and produced and matured

About 800 tubules per testicle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define Lobule’s

Group of 2-4 seminiferous tubules

About 250 lobules per testicle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define Interstitial Tissue

Located between lobules
Produce sex hormones (testosterone)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define Epididymis

Terminal end of seminiferous tubules
Reservoir for sperm until ejaculation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define Vas (ductus) Deferens

2 long tubules extended from the epididymis to the seminal vesicle gland

Carries sperm cells from testes to seminal vesicle prior to ejaculation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define seminal vesicles

2 small sac like glands located posterolateral to urinary bladder

Produce part of seminal fluid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define Ejaculatory ducts

2 short ducts from each seminal vesicle & vas deferens through the prostate gland

Carries sperm & semen through prostate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define Prostate Gland

Located directly inferior to urinary bladder

completely surrounds proximal urethra
Produces part of seminal fluid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define the Urethra

Muscular canal from bladder through prostate gland
Passage for urine and seminal fluid during ejaculation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the external parts of the penis

Glans
-Expanded distal portion

External Urethral Meatus
-Urethral opening

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the internal parts of the penis

Corpus Cavernosum
-2 cylinders of erectile tissue the engorge with blood during an erection

Corpus Spongiosim
-1 cylinder of “spongy” tissue that surrounds/protects the urethra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define the perineum

Area between scrotum & anus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define Male sex hormones

AKA androgens
Mainly Testosterone

Causes development of secondary sex characteristics @puberty
-body hair
-voice change
-sexual organ maturation
-physical development
-controls libido

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define Ovaries

Located internally within the pelvis slightly below and medial to ASIS

Held in place by the ligament of ovary & broad ligament

production of egg cells (outer layer) and female sex hormones (inner layer)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define the Uterine (fallopian) tubes

Narrow tile for ova to travel from ovaries to uterus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 3 sections of the Fallopian tubes

Infundibulum
-most proximal and includes fimbriae to catch the released ovum

Ampulla
-Longest middle section

Isthmus
-Distal, most constricted portion

Define the uterus

Muscular “pear shaped” organ within pelvic brim
receives and retains the fertilized egg (zygote)
Fetal home during gestation
Delivery of fetus via contractions

What are the 3 sections of the uterus

funds
-expanded superior portion

Body
- middle portion

Cervix
-constricted inferior portion

What are the layers of the uterus

Myometrium
- dense, muscular layer

Endometrium
-Vascular, inner layer

What are the cavities of the uterus

Uterine cavity
-inner cavity of fungus and body for zygote attachment

Cervical canal
-Terminates at the cervical Os

Define the vagina

Birth canal
Muscular membranous canal from cervical Os externally

curves around posterior bladder

Define the external anatomy of the vagina

Libia majora
-larger outer folds that surrounds the vagina and urethral openings

Libia minora
-smaller inner folds that surround vaginal and urethra opening

Vulva
-Majora +minora

Define characteristics of an Ova

Only 400-500 eggs are released during ovulation Ova cells develop in the primary follicle After ovum is released, follicle becomes a corpus luteum

Describe the phases of mensuration

Phase 1: menstrual phase, days 1-5, loss of endometrium through discharge if egg did not fertilize Phase 2: Post menstrual/ pre ovulatory phase, days 6-13, increase in estrogen to cause endometrium to thicken in preparation for zygote Phase 3: Ovulatory phase, coccus on or around day 14, release of ova, continued thickening of endometrial lining Phase 4: premenstrual/ post ovulatory phase, 14 days, increase endometrial thickening, progesterone increases, estrogen declines

Define conception

When the released ovum is attacked by eager sperm cells

Fertilization occurs where?

in the Fallopian tubes

Implantation occurs where?

in the uterus

What are the 3 stages of gestaion

1. germinal stage (wks 1-2) 2. embryonic stage (wks 3-8) 3. fetal stage(wks 9-38)

What happens during the germinal stage?

After egg fertilization but before implantation

What happens during the embryonic stage?

Happens after mitosis 1 cell begins to develop into specific tissues after implantation

What is cell differentiation

the process in which a diploid zygote becomes specific tissue

Define embryonic stem cells

ability to differentiate into any of the 3 embryonic cell layers Endoderm, Mesoderm, Ectoderm

What happens during the fetal stage?

most major organs have formed continued development of organs & systems significant fetal growth

What are mammal glands purpose

to produce milk following childbirth anterior to pectorals major muscle, intercostal muscle and ribs

What is the outside anatomy of the breast

Nipple Areola - darker, pigmented area surrounding nipple Tail - extends towards axilla Inframammary crease - inferior attachment of breast to chest wall

What are lactiferous lobules

Small clusters of individual lactiferous glands within a lobe

What are alveoli

small individual lactiferous glands that produce

Define the ampulla

Milk reservoirs behind areola that attach directly to nipple

What is the suspensory (Cooper) ligament

Ligaments that maintain breast shape

Define fibro-glandular tissue

Incidence of breast cancer is low but aggressive to treat because of glandular tissue

What is fiber fatty tissue

half glandular tissue and half adipose breast cancer become more prevalent (mammon's starts)

Define mostly adipose tissue

Post menstrual females dried up glandular tissue Highest chance for breast cancer but easiest to diagnose and treat