MUSCULAR SYSTEM (SOC 14)

Question 1

3 TYPES OF MUSCLES IN OUR SYSTEM:

Answer 1

EACH MUSCLE IS MADE UP OF LOTS OF CELLS.
VOLUNTARY.
INVOLUNTARY.
CARDIAC.

MUSCLES = PROTEIN.

Question 2

VOLUNTARY:

Answer 2

UNDER YOUR CONTROL, YOU CHOOSE EITHER TO CONTRACT OR RELAX YOUR MUSCLES.

MADE UP OF CYLINDAR SHAPED FIBRES.

43% OF MEN’S BODY WEIGHT IS MUSCLE ON AVERAGE.

RELAX = TRICEPS.

Question 3

INVOLUNTARY:

Answer 3

INVOLUNTARY MUSLCES ARE NOT UNDER YOUR CONTROL. THEY RELAX AUTOMATICALLY CONTROLLED BY INVOLUNTARY NERVOUS SYSTEM.

MADE UP OF SPINDLE SHAPED FIBRES, HELPS DISTRIBUTE BLOOD WHERE MOST NEEDED.

THIS COULD RELATE TO THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM WHERE ALL THE NUTRIENTS IN THE FOOD GOES TO THE BLOOD STREAM WHICH THEN TAKES IT TO THE HEART WHERE ALL THE BLOOD CELLS TRANSPORT ALL THE BLOOD TO THE IMPORTANT MUSCLES BASICALLY (ALL AROUND THE BODY) OTHER BLOOD CELLS SUCH AS WHITE THEY ARE FOR MORE WHEN YOU GET INJURED OR HURT.

Question 4

CARDIAC:

Answer 4

CARDIAC MUSLCES ARE FOUND IN THE WALL OF THE HEART, ITS VERY SPECIALLISED.

THESE FIBRES CAN SPREAD ELECTRONIC SIGNALS FROM THE BRAIN RIGHT THROUGH TO THE HEART.

REGULATES YOUR HEART RATE, PUMPS BLOOD IN THE BEST WAY FOR YOU POSSIBLE.

Question 5

3 TYPES OF MUSCLES IN MORE DEPTH (MUSCLES):

Answer 5

SKELETAL, SMOOTH & CARDIAC MUSCLES.

Question 6

DELTOID:

Answer 6

LOCATION: SHOULDER.

FUNCTION: MOVE THE ARM IN ALL DIRECTIONS.

EXAMPLE IN SPORT: SERVING IN TENNIS.

Question 7

PACTORALLS MAJOR:

Answer 7

LOCATION: CHEST.

FUNCTION: ADDUCT ARM AT SHOULDER.

EXAMPLE IN SPORT: FOREHAND DRIVE IN TENNIS.

Question 8

LATISSIMUS DORSI:

Answer 8

LOCATION: ARM AT SHOULDER.

FUNCTION: ADDUCT AND EXTEND THE ARM AT SHOULDER.

EXAMPLE IN SPORT: BUTTERFLY STROKE IN SWIMMING.

Question 9

BICEPS:

Answer 9

LOCATION: BROAD SHEET OF MUSCLE THAT EXTENDS FROM THE LOWER REGION OF THE SPINE.

FUNCTIONS: ADDUCT AND EXTEND THE ARM AT THE SHOULDER.

EXAMPLE IN SPORT: PULL - UP, DRAWING A BOW IN ARCHERY.

Question 10

TRICEPS:

Answer 10

BACK OF THE UPPER ARM.

FUNCTION: EXTEND THE ARM AT THE ELBOW.

EXAMPLE IN SPORT: PRESS - UP, THROWING A JAVELIN.

Question 11

EXTERNAL OBLIQUES:

Answer 11

LOCATION: ABDOMINAL MUSCLES.

FUNCTIONS: FLEX AND ROTATE THE SPINAL COLUMN; ONE SIDE CONTRACTING CREATES A SIDE BEND.

EXAMPLES IN SPORT: CRUNCHES IN GYM.

Question 12

GLUTEALS:

Answer 12

LOCATION: FORM THE BUTTOCKS. GLUTEUS MAXIMUS LIES UNDER THE SKIN AND ATTACHED TO THE FEMUR (MAIN LEG BONE).

FUNCTION: ADDUCT AND EXTEND AT HIPS, PULL THE LEG BACKWARDS.

EXAMPLE IN SPORT: PULLING BACK LEG BEFORE KICKING A BALL.

Question 13

HIP FLEXORS:

Answer 13

LOCATION: FRONT OF THE HIP.

FUNCTION: FLEX HIP, HELP MOVE THE LEG AND KNEE UP TOWARDS THE BODY.

EXAMPLE IN SPORT: LIFTING KNEES HIGH IN SPRINTS.

Question 14

QUADRICEPTS:

Answer 14

LOCATION: FOUR MUSCLES FOUND ON THE UPPER LEG.

FUNCTION: EXTEND THE LEG AT THE KNEE.

EXAMPLE IN SPORT: KICKING A BALL, JUMPING UPWARDS.

Question 15

HAMSTRINGS:

Answer 15

LOCATION: BACK OF THE LEG.

FUNCTION: FLEX THE LEG AT THE KNEE.

EXAMPLE IN SPORT: BENDING KNEE BEFORE KICKING A BALL (FOOTBALL).

Question 16

GASTROCNEMIUS:

Answer 16

LOCATION: BACK OF THE FEMUR (MAIN LEG MUSCLE).

FUNCTION: POINT TOES (PLANTI - FLEXION), HELP FLEX THE KNEE.

EXAMPLE IN SPORT: RUNNING.

Question 17

TIBIALIS:

Answer 17

LOCATION: RUNS DOWN THE SHIN.

FUNCTION: PULL THE TOES UP TOWARDS THE SHIN (DORSI - FLEXION).

EXAMPLE IN SPORT: SKI JUMPING.

Question 18

(ANTAGONISTIC PAIRS) WHAT ARE THE 3 PAIRS OF MUSCLES WHO WORK IN PAIRS:

Answer 18

BICEPS & TRICEPS.
HAMSTRINGS & QUADRICEPTS.
TIBILA & ANTERIOR.

Question 19

ANTAGONISTIC PAIRS:

Answer 19

IT CAN PRODUCE MOVEMENT IN ONE DIRECTION (MUSCLES CAN ONLY PULL NOT PUSH).

TO SOLVE THIS PROBLEM, SOME MUSCLES ARE ARRANGED IN TWOS, CALLED AN ANTAGONISTIC (ANGRY FACE) THIS IS TO ALLOW THE JOINT TO MOVE.

EXAMPLE IN SPORT: IF YOUR A WINGER IN FOOTBAL AND YOUR RECIEVING A LOBBED BALL FROM THE RIGHT BACK, YOU WOULD NEED TO USE A ANTAGONISTIC PAIR OF MUSCLES WHICH ARE THE HAMSTRINGS AND QUADRICEPTS. WHEN YOU ARE EXTENDING YOUR LEG TO REACH THE BALL YOU WOULD NEED TO USE YOUR QUADRICEPTS, AS YOUR BRINGING DOWN THE BALL AND BENDING DOWN YOUR LEG TO CONTROL THE BALL YOU WOULD NEED TO USE YOUR HAMSTRINGS.

Question 20

MUSCLE FIBRES:

Answer 20

MAKE UP VOLUNTARY (SKELETAL) MUSCLE: TYPE 1, 2A, 2X

TYPE 1 = SLOW TWITCH FIBRES (DARK), SUITED TO LOW INTENSITY WORK, MARATHON RUNNERS RUN LONGER PERIODS WITHOUT FATIGUING.

TYPE 2X = FAST TWITCH MUSCLE FIBRES (LIGHT COLOUR) USED IN ANAEROBIC WORK AND CAN GENERATE MUCH GREATER FORCE THAN OTHER FIBRE TYPES.

FAST TWICTH = FAST (TYPE 2A & 2X) (LIGHT COLOUR) - THEY DO NOT USE O2 TO MAKE ENERGY.

MYOGLOBIN = RED PIGMENT THAT TRANSPORT OXYGEN TO THE MUSCLES.

ANTAGONISTIC PAIRS = MUSCLES THAT WORK TOGETHER TO CREATE MOVEMENT.

DIFFERENT QUANTITIES DEPEND ON YOUR SPORT & HOW IT PUSHES YOU IN A CERTAIN DIRECTION.

ANTAGONISTIC PAIRS: MUSCLES THAT WORK TOGETHER TO CREATE MOVEMENT.

Question 21

HOW THE SKELETAL & MUSCULAR SYSTEMS WORK TOGETHER:

Answer 21

MUSCULAR SYSTEM IS COMPOSED OF MORE THAN 600 MUSCLES, SKELETAL & MUSCULAR WORK TOGETHER (MUSCULOSKELETAL). ALL MUSCLES ARE CONNECTED TO THE NERVOUS SYSTEM WHICH ALLOWS MOVEMENT TO START THROUGH SIGNALS FROM BRAIN.

TOGETHER THEIR MAIN FUNCTION IS TO CREATE MOVEMENT, KEEP YOU STABLE, GIVE YOU POSTURE & PROTECT.

Question 22

BONES WHICH MOVE WHILE DOING A CERTAIN MOVEMENT:

Answer 22

THIS FUNCTION IS CALLED THE (POINT OF INSERTION) OG.

Question 23

BONES WHICH DO NOT MOVE WHILE DOING A CERTAIN MOVEMENT:

Answer 23

THIS FUNCTION IS CALLED (POINT OF ORIGIN) WORKER.

Question 24

THERE IS THREE TYPES OF MUSCLES FIBRES, WHAT ARE THEY?

Answer 24

Type 1, Type 2, Type 2x

Question 25

WHEN A SPRINTER STARTS A 100M RACE, PUSHING OUT THE BLOCKS HE WILL USE HIS_____FIBRES?

Answer 25

Type 2a

Question 26

WHEN THE DELTOID IS CONTRASTING & CAUSING SHOULDER ABDUCTION, WHICH MUSCLE IS ACTING AS THE ANTAGONIST?

Answer 26

Pectoralis Major