Flashcards in Mycology (complete) Deck (80)
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1
What are the two distinctive features of fungi
Chitin in the cell walls
Ergosterol in the membranes
2
What is Dimorphism of fungi
their form changes with temperature
Molds at 26 degrees Celcius
Yeast at 37 degrees celcius
3
What are mycoses difficult diseases to diagnose and treat
the signs of their diseases are missed or misinterpreted
there are few antifungal agents, and fungi are often resistant to them
4
Are many mycoses contagious
nope, with the exception of dermatophytes, fungi found on the skin
5
How are mycoses generally acquired
inhalation, trauma, or ingestion
6
how does fungal dimorphism play into a fungus' pathogenicity
in the environment, at lower temperatures, they have mycelia composed of hyphae
in the body, warmer temperatures, they exist as yeasts
7
Why does it matter that fungi are yeasts when inside the body
because now they are invasive due to the enzymes and proteins they produce to survive in the body
8
What are the three categories of fungal diseases
1. fungal infections
2. Toxicoses
3. Allergies
9
What is a fungal infection
the most common fungal disease, caused by a true pathogen, or an opportunistic one, in the body
10
What is a Toxicoses
When you eat poisonous mushrooms
11
When do you get fungal allergies
most often results when inhalation of fungal spores occurs
12
What are the four locations you can get a fungal infection
1. superficial - on the skin - no inflammation
2. cutaneus - on the skin, hair or nails
3. subcutaneos - below skin - traumatic injury
4. deep or systemic - in organs or bone (difficult to diagnose and treat)
13
What are the 4 systemic pathogenic, dimorphic fungi
1. Blastomyces
2. coccidioides
3. Histoplasma
4. paracoccidioides
14
How are the 4 systemic pathogens introduced into the body
inhalation
15
where do the systemic fungal infections begin, and how do they spread
they begin in the lungs and spread via the blood to the rest of the body
16
besides blastomyces, coccidioides, histoplasma, and paracoccidioides. how do other fungal infections occur
by opportunistic fungi, that are often commensals, that take advantage of weaknesses in a host's defense
17
What makes you most likely to get an opportunistic fungal infection
having a compromised immune system
18
What is the causative agent of blastomycosis
blastomyces dermatitidis
19
where is blastomycosis common
south east US and canada
20
how does one contract blastomycosis
inhalation of dust with the fungal spores being carried into the lungs
21
what is the most common type of blastomycosis
pulmonary blastomycosis
22
What are the problems associated with pulmonary blastomycosis
pulmonary lesions that begin asymptomatic
granulomatus reaction with marked fibrosis
can become chronic pneumonia
23
Where can pulmonary blastomycosis disseminate to
the skin, bone, or in males the prostate
24
what can blastomycosis cause in AIDS patients
meningitis
25
how is blastomycosis treated
amphotercin B
26
What is the common name for coccidioidomycosis
valley fever
27
where do you find coccidiodomycosis
in the southwestern US, in desert soil, mines, rodent burrows, and archealogical remains
28
how does a human contract coccidiodomycosis
inhalation of dust that carries the arthrospores (asexual spores) into the lungs
29
what is the causitive agent of valley fever
coccidioides immitis
30
