Flashcards in Gram negative pathogens (complete) Deck (110)
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1
What are the Gram-negative pathogens we study
1. Neisseria species
2. Escherichia Coli
3. Shigella species
4. Salmonella species
5. Klebsiella pneumoniae
6. Yersina species
7. Bordetella pertussis
8. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
9. Francisella tularenesis
10. Legionella pneumophila
2
What group is the largest group of human pathogens and why
Gram-negative bacteria, in part because of the Lipid A in their cell wall
3
What does Lipid A trigger in humans
Fever, vasodilation, inflammation, shock, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (blood clots in blood vessels)
4
What are the three things that any gram-negative bacteria needs to cause disease or death in humans
1. breach the skin or mucus membranes
2. grow at 37 degrees celcius
3. evade the immune system
5
What is the only Gram-negative Cocci that regularly causes diseases in humans
Neisseria
6
What do Neisseria usually look like
gram-negative diplococci, in pairs, with flattened sides
7
are neisseria aerobic or anaerobic
aerobic
8
What are the two pathogenic types of neisseria
neisseria gonorrhea
neisseria meningitidis
9
neisseria are pyogenic, or pyrogenic
pyogenic (pus creating)
10
What is the isolation media used for neisseria
chocolate agar, + increased CO2
11
What is the major virulence factor of neisseria gonorrhea
the attachment pili
12
what is the most common reportable disease is the US
gonorrhea
13
What happens to males with gonorrhea
infection of the anterior urethra = acute inflammation
pus discharge and painful urination
can cause rectal or pharyngeal infections also
14
What happens to females with gonorrhea
infection of vaginal-cervical junction
80% of infections are asymptomatic
may cause salpingitis
may spread to lower abdomen and cause Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
15
What is salpingitis
a gonorrhea infection of the fallopain tubes (20% sterility rate)
16
What happens to children with gonorrhea
as they pass through the birth canal they can contrat gonococcal opthalmia neonarum (eye infection)
17
What is done to prevent gonococcal opthalmia neonarum
antibiotic ointments placed in the eyes of newborns
18
What is neisseria gonorrhea transmitted
sexual contact
19
which age group has the highest incidence of neisseria gonorrhea
20-24
20
How is gonorrhea diagnosed
by the symptoms, and observation of the organisms in the pus
21
What is the treatment for gonorrhea
used to be penicillin, but not it has 50% resistance
now it is cephalosporin + tetracycline
22
how is gonorrhea prevented
controlling sexual behavior
23
Where can you find neisseria meningitidis
only in humans (normal microbiota of the upper respiratory tract)
24
What is the problem with neisseria meningitidis
when the bacteria gets in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid it becomes life threatening meningitis
25
neisseria meningitidis is the most common cause of meningitis in individuals _____
under 20
26
How is neisseria meningitidis transmitted
how How
respiratory droplets among people living in close contact (dorms and barracks)
27
What are the two diseases associated with neisseria meningitidis
meningococcal meningitis
meningococcal septicemia
28
how quickly can meningococcal meningitis go from initial symptoms to death
6 hours
29
what is meningococcal septicemia
blood poisoning by neisseria meningitidis. produces blood coagulation and the formation of minute hemorrhagic lesions.
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