Flashcards in Infection Control (complete) Deck (64)
Loading flashcards...
1
Which are ways that infection may spread in a dental clinic
1. airborne organisms
2. improper sterilization
3. Direct contact
4. Indirect contact
2
According to Spauldings classifications, When is an instrument needing critical disinfection? and what is the process of disinfection
Critical is when equipment has entered sterile tissues, including the vascular system
They need cleaning followed by sterilization
3
According to Spauldings classifications, When is an instrument needing Semi-critical disinfection? and what is the process of disinfection
Semi-critical is when equipment comes into contact with non-intact skin or mucus membranes, but hasn't penetrated them
They need cleaning, with high level disinfection as a minimum. (sterilization is preferred)
4
According to Spauldings classifications, When is an instrument needing non-critical disinfection? and what is the process of disinfection
Equipment that touches intact skin, or doesn't touch the patient
the need cleaning, followed by low level disinfection (some cases cleaning alone is acceptable)
5
What is sterilization
the complete absence of life
6
what is disinfection
destruction of vegetative pathogens, usually on inanimate objects
7
What does the suffix - cides mean
agents that kill
8
what does the suffix - static mean
agents which prevent growth
9
What is sepsis
bacterial contamination and growth
10
What is antiseptic
agent which destroys vegetative pathogens (usually on living tissue)
11
What is sanitation
Lowering bacterial counts to safe public health levels
12
is the death rate of microbes log linear
yes, a certain percentage of the bacteria die over time
13
what is D-value (death of microbes)
the time required to kill 90% of bacteria (1 log) at a specific temperature
14
How do log reduction and percent kill relate
for each log reduction 90% of the bacteria are killed
1 log = 90%
2 log = 99%
3 log = 99.9%
4 log = 99.99%
15
Which is better at disinfecting, sanitizing, and sterilizing: Moist heat or Dry heat
moist heat (dry heat requires longer time, and higher temperatures)
16
how does heat kill bacteria
by denaturing proteins and destroying cytoplasmic membranes
17
What are the four methods of microbial control that use moist heat
1. boiling
2. autoclaving
3. pasteurization
4. Ultra-high temperature sterilization
18
What can boiling kill in terms of microbes
vegetative cells of bacteria and fungi
viruses
protozoan trophozoites
19
What is important to consider when boiling to kill microbes
the boiling time (more time if at higher locations
20
What can't boiling kill in terms of microbes
endospores
protozoan cysts
prions
21
What is autoclaving
when pressure is applied to boiling water, which prevents the escape of steam. this leads to increased temperature (121 C)
22
Does autoclaving kill endospores
yes
23
What is historical (batch) pasteurizaition
heating up something to 63 degrees celcius for 30 minutes
24
What is flash pasteurization
72 degrees celcius for 15 seconds
25
When do you use dry heat to sterilize
when you have materials that will be damaged by moist heat, or those that can't be sterilized with moist heat
26
what is the ultimate means of sterilization
incineration
27
What is membrane filtration
running a liquid medium through a filter with specific pore sizes to trap desired organisms
28
What is ionizing radiation, and how does it kill bacteria
shooting wavelengths of less than 1nm, it disrupts bonding, and creates ions that denature DNA and other molecules
29
how effective is ionizing radiation against bacteria
it isn't very effective, it is more lethal to humans than to bacteria
30
