Flashcards in viral respiratory viruses (complete) Deck (46):
1
What is the best idea of where influenza originated>
Geese and Ducks (migratory waterfowl)
2
What is the classification of orthomyxoviridae (influenza)
RNA, Helical, Enveloped, Single Strand, Negative, 8 Segments
3
What are the two important antigens on the influenza envelope
(H) = hemaglutanin
(N) = Neuroaminidase
4
What are the three types of Influenza virus
A, B, and C
5
What is the difference between A, B and C types of influenza virus
A - undergoes antigenic shift and drift
B - undergoes antigenic drift
C - relatively stable
6
Which two types of influenza virus infect humans A, B, or C
A and B
7
What does the H antigen do for Influenza virus
helps the virion attach, and lyse RBCs
8
What does the N antigen do for influenza virus
helps the virion separate from each other and infect
9
What does flu immunizations target
the H antigen
10
What does neuraminidase inhibitors target
the N antigen
11
What is an antigenic shift
when multiple strains of influenza infect the same cell, and mix up the 8 segments of their genome. This creates a brand new strain of influenza
12
What does an antigenic shift cause
a pandemic, the population has no immunity against the new strain
13
what is antigenic drift
a lot of base-pair mutations due to lack of repair mechanisms. As it happens more and more the genome becomes quite changed
14
What is a U age vs. death response
mostly young children and old die, not age groups between
15
What is a W age vs. death response
when young children, healthy adults, and the old die
16
What type of age vs. death response does influenza cause
W (the healthy young adults die because their immune system is so good and the flu kills by making it overactive)
17
What made the 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic so bad
you had antigenic shift with the familiar triple reassortment (swine, avian, human) and a new eurasian swine. This caused a new strain of flu for which the public didn't have immunity
18
What is the recommended 2016 trivalent flu vaccine
A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)
A/Switzerland/9715293/2013
B/Phuket/3073/2013
19
What is the recommended 2016 quadrivalent flu vaccine
A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)
A/Switzerland/9715293/2013
B/Phuket/3073/2013
B/Brisbane/60/2008
20
how effective are flu vaccines
about 60% effective
21
What is the peak month of flu activity
February
22
Which typically causes more cases of influenza type A or Type B
Type A
23
What are the 4 ways we attempt to control the flu
1. Neutralizing Antibody
2. M2 channel blockers
3. RNA replication
4. Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs)
24
What are the two common neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs)
Tamiflu
Relenza
25
What are the common M2 channel blockers
Amantidine (Flu-A, needs to be early)
Rimantidine (fewer neurological side effects)
26
What is ribvarin
a broad spectrum antiviral for both influenza A and B
27
how effective are neuraminidase inhibitors
that is still in question
28
What are the main viruses in the paramyxoviridae family
parainfluenza
mumps
measles
Respiratory syncytial virus
29
What are the classifications of the parainfluenza virus
RNA
helical
enveloped
single stranded
negative
30
What is the most common manifestation of parainfluenza virus
croup (however it can be caused by influenza and RSV)
31
besides croup, what can parainfluenza cause
bronchiolitis
pneumonia
flu-like tracheobronchitis
Coryza-like illness
32
What do we use to fight parainfluenza
nothing, no chemotherapy or vaccine
33
What is the classification of RSV
RNA
Helical
Enveloped
Single Stranded
Negative
(part of the paramyxovirus family)
34
What does RSV cause
Children: croup, bronchiolitis, pneumonia potentially fatal
Older Children: Colds
35
What do we use to treat RSV
oxygen, humidifier, IV fluids
Ribvarin nasal inhalation in severe cases
36
What is the classification of the coronavirus
RNA
helical
enveloped
Single stranded
positive
37
What does the coronavirus cause
URT infection "bad sore throat" cold
SARS
38
what virus causes SARS
the coronavirus
39
What is the classification of adenoviruses
DNA
Icosahedral
naked
double stranded (linear)
40
What does the adenovirus cause
URT infections
41
what is our treatment for adenovirus infections
don't have one
42
Is there a vaccine against adenovirus
yes, but it is basically only given to military
43
What is the main viral cause of the common cold
rhinoviruses
(corona viruses are second)
44
What family does the rhinovirus belong to
picornaviridae
45
what is the classification of the picornavirdae
RNA
Icosahedral
Naked
single stranded
positive
46