viral respiratory viruses (complete)

Question 1

What is the best idea of where influenza originated>

Answer 1

Geese and Ducks (migratory waterfowl)

Question 2

What is the classification of orthomyxoviridae (influenza)

Answer 2

RNA, Helical, Enveloped, Single Strand, Negative, 8 Segments

Question 3

What are the two important antigens on the influenza envelope

Answer 3

(H) = hemaglutanin
(N) = Neuroaminidase

Question 4

What are the three types of Influenza virus

Answer 4

A, B, and C

Question 5

What is the difference between A, B and C types of influenza virus

Answer 5

A - undergoes antigenic shift and drift
B - undergoes antigenic drift
C - relatively stable

Question 6

Which two types of influenza virus infect humans A, B, or C

Answer 6

A and B

Question 7

What does the H antigen do for Influenza virus

Answer 7

helps the virion attach, and lyse RBCs

Question 8

What does the N antigen do for influenza virus

Answer 8

helps the virion separate from each other and infect

Question 9

What does flu immunizations target

Answer 9

the H antigen

Question 10

What does neuraminidase inhibitors target

Answer 10

the N antigen

Question 11

What is an antigenic shift

Answer 11

when multiple strains of influenza infect the same cell, and mix up the 8 segments of their genome. This creates a brand new strain of influenza

Question 12

What does an antigenic shift cause

Answer 12

a pandemic, the population has no immunity against the new strain

Question 13

what is antigenic drift

Answer 13

a lot of base-pair mutations due to lack of repair mechanisms. As it happens more and more the genome becomes quite changed

Question 14

What is a U age vs. death response

Answer 14

mostly young children and old die, not age groups between

Question 15

What is a W age vs. death response

Answer 15

when young children, healthy adults, and the old die

Question 16

What type of age vs. death response does influenza cause

Answer 16

W (the healthy young adults die because their immune system is so good and the flu kills by making it overactive)

Question 17

What made the 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic so bad

Answer 17

you had antigenic shift with the familiar triple reassortment (swine, avian, human) and a new eurasian swine. This caused a new strain of flu for which the public didn’t have immunity

Question 18

What is the recommended 2016 trivalent flu vaccine

Answer 18

A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)
A/Switzerland/9715293/2013
B/Phuket/3073/2013

Question 19

What is the recommended 2016 quadrivalent flu vaccine

Answer 19

A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)
A/Switzerland/9715293/2013
B/Phuket/3073/2013
B/Brisbane/60/2008

Question 20

how effective are flu vaccines

Answer 20

about 60% effective

Question 21

What is the peak month of flu activity

Answer 21

February

Question 22

Which typically causes more cases of influenza type A or Type B

Answer 22

Type A

Question 23

What are the 4 ways we attempt to control the flu

Answer 23

1. Neutralizing Antibody
2. M2 channel blockers
3. RNA replication
4. Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs)

Question 24

What are the two common neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs)

Answer 24

Tamiflu

Relenza

Question 25

What are the common M2 channel blockers

Answer 25

Amantidine (Flu-A, needs to be early) | Rimantidine (fewer neurological side effects)

Question 26

What is ribvarin

Answer 26

a broad spectrum antiviral for both influenza A and B

Question 27

how effective are neuraminidase inhibitors

Answer 27

that is still in question

Question 28

What are the main viruses in the paramyxoviridae family

Answer 28

parainfluenza mumps measles Respiratory syncytial virus

Question 29

What are the classifications of the parainfluenza virus

Answer 29

``` RNA helical enveloped single stranded negative ```

Question 30

What is the most common manifestation of parainfluenza virus

Answer 30

croup (however it can be caused by influenza and RSV)

Question 31

besides croup, what can parainfluenza cause

Answer 31

bronchiolitis pneumonia flu-like tracheobronchitis Coryza-like illness

Question 32

What do we use to fight parainfluenza

Answer 32

nothing, no chemotherapy or vaccine

Question 33

What is the classification of RSV

Answer 33

``` RNA Helical Enveloped Single Stranded Negative (part of the paramyxovirus family) ```

Question 34

What does RSV cause

Answer 34

Children: croup, bronchiolitis, pneumonia potentially fatal | Older Children: Colds

Question 35

What do we use to treat RSV

Answer 35

oxygen, humidifier, IV fluids | Ribvarin nasal inhalation in severe cases

Question 36

What is the classification of the coronavirus

Answer 36

``` RNA helical enveloped Single stranded positive ```

Question 37

What does the coronavirus cause

Answer 37

URT infection "bad sore throat" cold | SARS

Question 38

what virus causes SARS

Answer 38

the coronavirus

Question 39

What is the classification of adenoviruses

Answer 39

DNA Icosahedral naked double stranded (linear)

Question 40

What does the adenovirus cause

Answer 40

URT infections

Question 41

what is our treatment for adenovirus infections

Answer 41

don't have one

Question 42

Is there a vaccine against adenovirus

Answer 42

yes, but it is basically only given to military

Question 43

What is the main viral cause of the common cold

Answer 43

rhinoviruses | corona viruses are second

Question 44

What family does the rhinovirus belong to

Answer 44

picornaviridae

Question 45

what is the classification of the picornavirdae

Answer 45

``` RNA Icosahedral Naked single stranded positive ```

Question 46

What is the optimum temperature for the picornaviridae (rhinovirus)

Answer 46

33 C, the temp in the nose