nervous System and endo ao1

Question 1

Difference between nervous and endocrine

Answer 1

Nervous - transmits electrical impulse, short lasting, quicker, temporary and localised
Endocrine - transmits hormones (chemical messengers) in the blood stream, longer lasting, slower, more localised and wide

Question 2

A Hormone is …

Answer 2

Chemical substances circulate in bloodstream only affecting target organs produced in large quantities and disappear quickly
Affect cells w receptors specific to hormone on it

Question 3

What is HPA axis

Answer 3

a system that directly influences the endocrine system to active the stress response

Question 4

Describe HPA axis

Answer 4

• When the brain interprets a stressor, the hypothalamus produces a hormone CRF
• stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete ACTH - stimulates the adrenal cortex, part of the adrenal glands. The adrenal cortex then secretes corticosteroids, which help to increase energy levels.

Question 5

Role of pituarty gland

Answer 5

Regulate endocrine system

Question 6

Adrenal glands

Answer 6

Flight or fight
Adrenaline or cortisol
Adrenaline medulla
Adrenal cortex

Question 7

Testes

Answer 7

Sexual and reproductive dev
Testosterone

Question 8

Ovaries

Answer 8

Oestrogen
Progesterone

Question 9

Oestrogen

Answer 9

female sex hormone
Ovaries
More in females
Puberty menstrual cycle pregnancy and bone strength
Maintaing cholesterol and brain heart and skin

Question 10

Progesterone

Answer 10

Prepares endometrium for potential for pregnancy after ovulation
Thickens endometrium for egg
Prohibits muscle contraction which would cause rejection of egg

Question 11

Pineal gland

Answer 11

Melatonin

Question 12

Pituitary gland sepeated into 2 lobes

Answer 12

Anterior lobe (front)
Prosterior (rear)

Question 13

Anterior lobe

Answer 13

Created adrenal tropic hormone

Question 14

Posterior lobe - what hormone and what does the hormone do

Answer 14

Oxytocin
Rise during physical contact w another human
And maternal horome large amounts rel during childbirth and rel of milk during breast feeding

Question 15

Parts of adrenal gland and what do they produce

Answer 15

Adrenal medulla ~ adrenaline and noradrenaline
Adrenal cortex - cortisol

Question 16

Cortisol

Answer 16

Stim release of glucose to provide body with energy and suppressing immune system
More cortisol when stressed

Question 17

Testes release

Answer 17

Androgens and testosterone

Question 18

Testosterone

Answer 18

Dev of male sex characteristics during puberty and promoting muscle growth

Question 19

ACTH hormone

Answer 19

Released by pituitary gland
Tiggers adrenal gland to release adrenaline and cortisol

Question 20

Noradrenaline

Answer 20

Supports the nervous system to engage the Brain for a fight or flight

Question 21

Sympathetic NS

Answer 21

Prepared the body for rapid action associated with fight of flight

Question 22

Feedback loop for cortisol

Answer 22

Cortisol levels are monitored so that CRH and ACTH production is inhibited if cortisol is too high

Question 23

Human nervous system is separated into the…

Answer 23

Peripheral nervous system
Central nervous system

Question 24

The central nervous system is split into the…

Answer 24

Brain and the spinal cord

Question 25

The peripheral nervous system is split into the..

Answer 25

Autonomic nervous system Somatic nervous system

Question 26

Autonomic nervous system is split into …

Answer 26

Sympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 27

Struc and function of brain

Answer 27

Centre of awareness Divided into right and left hemisphere

Question 28

Struc and function of spinal cord

Answer 28

Transports message to and from the brain to the pns Responsible for reflexes

Question 29

Function of somatic ns

Answer 29

Receives info from senses and transmits it to the CNS Also transmits info from the cns to direct movement of muscles

Question 30

Function of autonomic ns

Answer 30

Responsible for vital functions eg heart and breathing rate Sexual arousal Digestion

Question 31

Parasympathetic and sympathetic ns needed for what response

Answer 31

Fight or flight

Question 32

What is endocrine system

Answer 32

Works alongside ns to control vital functions System of glands which releases hormones into the blood

Question 33

Describe how systems work together during fight or flight

Answer 33

The endocrine and ANS often work in parallel with one another eg during a stressful event When a stressor is perceived the hypothalamus triggers the sympathetic nervous system and the autonomic NS changes from the parasympathetic state (resting state) to the sympathetic state Adrenaline rel from adrenal medulla into bloodstream = physical arousal needed for fight or flight Once threat has passed parasympathetic NS returns body to natural resting state

Question 34

When body in sympathetic state…

Answer 34

- increased heart rate - increased breathing rate - pupils dilate - less blood flow to less needed mechanisms like digestion and salivation

Question 35

Parasympathetic state leads to

Answer 35

- decreased heart rate - decreased breathing rate - dilates pupils - blood flow returns to less needed mechanisms returns to normal (digestion/salivation)

Question 36

Outline role of adrenaline in fight or flight

Answer 36

Ms : Adrenaline is released from the adrenal medulla in response to activation of the sympathomedullary pathway. Adrenaline has a range of effects on the body Direct effects of adrenaline - increase heart rate - constricts blood vessels, increasing rate of blood flow and raising blood pressure - diverts blood away from the skin, kidneys and digestive system - increases blood to brain and skeletal muscle - increases respiration and sweating The general effects of adrenaline - prepare the body for action, fight or flight, - increase blood supply/oxygen, to skeletal muscle for physical action - increase oxygen to brain for rapid response planning