schaffers stages of attachment ao1

Question 1

Who found stages of attachment

Answer 1

Schaffer and Emerson

Question 2

4 stages of attachment

Answer 2

Stage 1) Asocial stage
Stage 2) Indiscriminate attachment
Stage 3) discriminate attachment
Stage 4) Multiple attachment

Question 3

Describe stage 1 - the asocial stage

Answer 3

Within the babies first few weeks of life
Behaviour towards humans of babies and objects similar
Not entirely asocial bc even at this stage babies show signs that they prefer to be with ppl who are familiar
So at this stage babies forming bonds with certain ppl and these form basis of later attachment

Question 4

Describe stage 2) indiscriminate attachment

Answer 4

2-7 months
They show a clear preference with other humans rather than inanimate objects
They recognise company of those familiar but will accept cuddles and comfort from any person - hence indiscriminate

Question 5

Do babies show separation anxiety and stranger anxiety in the indiscriminage attachment stage

Answer 5

No they don’t show separation or stranger anxiety when caregivers leave them in the presence of unfamiliar ppl

Question 6

Describe stage 3 - discriminate

Answer 6

From around 7 -12 months onwards babies show attachment toward one particular person
Causes stranger and seperation anxiety
Atp babies have formed a specific attachment - the person who they have formed the attachment wiht is the primary attachment figure

Question 7

What is stranger anxiety

Answer 7

Anxiety directed toward strangers, esp when their attachment figure is absent

Question 8

What is separation anxiety

Answer 8

Anxiety when baby separated from their attachment figure

Question 9

Describe stage 4 - multiple attachments

Answer 9

After one year
Attachment behaviour is expanded to familiar adults
Most infants have formed secondary attachments at this time

Question 10

Whag is the name given to when babies show attachment extended past only one person

Answer 10

Secondary attachments

Question 11

Who and when did research on stages of attachment

Answer 11

Schaffer and Emerson
1964

Question 12

Aim of Schaffer and Emerson 1964 study

Answer 12

• investigate the development of early attachment
• particularly at the age where they dev emotional intensity and who this was directed to

Question 13

Procedure of Schaffer and Emerson

Answer 13

• 60 Babies
• maj from working class families
• babies were visted at home 1 once per month for a year and then again at 18 months
• asked mum about protest in 7 situations eg stranger anxiety when unfamiliar adult , sep anxiety when mother left the room
• measure babies attachment to mother

Question 14

Findings of Schaffer and Emerson

Answer 14

Between 25 and 32 weeks of age 50% of infants showed separation anxiety towards a particular adult.
The attachment was mainly towards adults who were the most responsive.
By 40 weeks most infants had developed specific attachments and some had developed multiple attachments.

Question 15

Conclusions of Schafer’s nd Emerson study

Answer 15

Attachment dev through series of stages each stage brings different attachment beh eg stranger and sep anxiety in diff beh