Neuro: Basal Nuclei 2

Question 1

Parkinson’s causes a ________ with movement

Answer 1

Slowness with movement

Question 2

Parkinson’s is a _______ tremor

Answer 2

Resting

Question 3

Parkinson’s shows ________ rigidity

Answer 3

Interrupted -cogwheel rigidity

Question 4

Damage where causes Parkinson’s?

Answer 4

Damage at substantia nigra pars compacta

Question 5

With Parkinson’s, increased inhibition on thalamus causes ________ movement

Answer 5

Decreased

Question 6

How might loss of dopamine affect movement in Parkinson’s? And what neurons does it affect?

Answer 6

Cause less movement due to dead nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuron

Question 7

What additional motor feature deficits are seen in Parkinson’s?

Answer 7

Decreased facial expression
Decreased blink rate (dry eye)
Small handwriting

Question 8

What three hyperkinetic disorders are due to damage of the indirect pathway?

Answer 8

Athetosis
Chorea
Ballism

Question 9

The most common hereditary cause of chorea is ______________

Answer 9

Huntington’s disease

Question 10

How are movements with Chorea?

Answer 10

Not rhythmic but seem to flow and are dance-like

Question 11

Basal nuclei areas may be involved in recognizing ___________

Answer 11

Disgust

Question 12

3 neuropsychiatric symptoms of Huntington’s disease

Answer 12

Dementia
Depression
Psychosis

Question 13

Will Huntington’s disease impact eye movements?

Answer 13

Yes, slowed or absent Saccades; inappropriate Saccades with fixation

Question 14

People with Huntington’s disease can show deficits in the recognition of ________ and ________ and a severe problem with _________

Answer 14

Deficits in recognition of anger and fear and a severe problem with disgust

Question 15

Huntington’s causes a loss of ____________ neurons, which causes what affect on movement?

Answer 15

Dopamine 2

Increased movement

Question 16

Why does the loss of Dopamine 2 neurons in Huntington’s disease cause increased movement?

Answer 16

Because the loss of D2 neurons causes the indirect pathway to essentially be wiped out, leaving only the direct pathway which causes increased movement

Question 17

Hemiballismus is characterized by

Answer 17

violent, forceful movements of proximal muscles

Question 18

HemiBallism is due to a lesion of the

Answer 18

Contralateral subthalamic nucleus

Question 19

Is an increase in movement seen with hemiballismus?

Answer 19

Yes

Question 20

Damage to subthalamic nucleus on left causes a ________ deficit

Answer 20

Right ballism

Question 21

Athetosis often occurs as a result of injury to the ____________ during when?

Answer 21

Basal ganglia in the perinatal period

Question 22

Kernicterus caused by jaundice in low birthweight babies is an example of an injury that can cause what?

Answer 22

athetosis

Question 23

Athetosis also presents with ______________

Answer 23

Dyskinetic cerebral palsy

Question 24

Chorea is due to damage of ____________ neurons

Answer 24

Dopamine 2

Question 25

What is characteristic of Wilson's Disease with regards to the eye?

Answer 25

Copper deposit on inner surface of cornea

Question 26

People suffering from Parkinson's disease have increased _______ of the VA/VL complex of the thalamus, leading to decreased excitation of the _______.

Answer 26

inhibition; frontal cortex

Question 27

A 54-year-old comes into your office for new contacts. His mood seems irritable and impulsive. His left arm seems to move more than his right, and he tries to cover up this extra movement by incorporating it into semipurposeful movements. You also notice decreased speed and accuracy of saccadic movements. Which condition would you expect your patient has?

Answer 27

A. Huntington's disease

Question 28

A patient comes into your clinic with their right arm moving wildly even though the left arm is fine. They appear to have no control over the movements, and you end up needing to restrain their arm during the eye exam. What part of the brain is most likely damaged?

Answer 28

C. Left subthalamic nucleus

Question 29

You have a pediatric patient coming in for an eye exam for the first time. You notice that her left arm moves slowly in a sinuous pattern and her neck appears to do the same. You notice that these movements get worse when she talks to her mother. Which movement disorder is most likely in this patient?

Answer 29

C. Athetosis

Question 30

You have a 22-year-old patient in your clinic needing glasses for the first time. You notice the patient has balance issues, moves slowly, and has rigidity. When they walk, they have very small steps. They also appear to blink less often. While talking to them, they mentioned developing these issues recently after one of the best raves of their life. What is the likely diagnosis of this patient?

Answer 30

B. Toxin-induced Parkinsonism

Question 31

Bradykinesia is a disorder​ involving:

Answer 31

slow movement

Question 32

Bradykinesia is often seen in what neurological condition?

Answer 32

Parkinson's

Question 33

Chorea movements

Answer 33

movements that are sudden, random, and involuntary

Question 34

Chorea is often associated with what neurological condition?

Answer 34

Huntington's Disease