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Block 8 > Ocular: Visual Pathway (naja) > Flashcards

Ocular: Visual Pathway (naja) Flashcards

1
Q

If Light falls within ON-center field of a RGC, how is the response impacted?

A

Increase in response and action potential frequency

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2
Q

If light falls within OFF-surround field of a RGC, how is the response impacted?

A

Decrease in response and action potential frequency

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3
Q

A small diameter spot of light hitting within the center of field causes what magnitude of response?

A

Small response

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4
Q

An increasing diameter spot of light within the center of the field causes what magnitude of response?

A

Larger response

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5
Q

When a spot of light fills the entire center of field, the _________ response is observed.

A

Max

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6
Q

As the spot of light increasingly grows and begins to cover the OFF-surround area, what response is seen?

A

A decrease in response is seen

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7
Q

When the spot of light diameter exceeds the field, what change in response is observed?

A

No change in response

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8
Q

What cells of the visual pathway utilize action potentials?

A

Amacrine and ganglion cells

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9
Q

What cells in the visual pathway utilize graded potentials?

A

Rods, Cones, Bipolar, Horizontal

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10
Q

Midget bipolar cell receptive field centers are formed by what cones?

A

L or M but never both

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11
Q

Midget bipolar cells receptive field centers only get info from ___________

A

1 cone in central and mid-peripheral retina

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12
Q

Surround center of midget bipolar cells gets info from multiple __________ cones

A

L and M

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13
Q

What forms the receptive field center of Diffuse bipolar cells?

A

5-10 L & M cones

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14
Q

Do S-cone bipolar cells contribute to color opponency? How?

A

Yes by synapsing with S cones

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15
Q

Midget RGCs show high __________

A

Spatial resolution

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16
Q

On-center midget bipolar cells synapse with?

A

On-center midget Retinal ganglion cells

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17
Q

Off-center midget bipolar cells form synapses with

A

OFF-center midget RGCs

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18
Q

In the peripheral retina, more than 1 cone will feed onto the center field of the _____________ cell. How will this change resolution?

A

Midget bipolar cell. This causes an increase in spatial summation but a decrease in spatial resolution

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19
Q

Spatial resolution is the ability to discriminate _______________

A

Fine patterns

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20
Q

Spatial summation is the addition of information over __________

A

Space

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21
Q

Diffuse retinal ganglion cells synapse with _______________

A

More than one diffuse bipolar cells receptive field

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22
Q

are diffuse RGC surround receptive fields small or large?

A

Very large surround receptive fields

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23
Q

On-center diffuse bipolar cells synapse with?

A

On-center diffuse (parasol) ganglion cells

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24
Q

Magnocellular pathway is responsible for what information?

A

Motion and spatial information

25
Magnocellular pathway is within what LGN layers?
1 and 2
26
Parvocellular pathway is responsible for what information?
Fine detail and color information
27
Parvocellular pathway is within what LGN layers?
3, 4, 5 and 6
28
Koniocellular pathway is responsible for what information?
Blue and yellow contrast
29
Parvo vs. Magno Neurons: Color Coding
Parvo: Color Opponent Magno: weak or no color opponency
30
Parvo vs. Magno Neurons: Temporal Sensitivity
Parvo: low frequencies Magno: high frequencies
31
Parvo vs. Magno Neurons: Speed of transmission
Parvo: slower Magno: faster
32
Parvo vs. Magno Neurons: spatial linearity
Parvo: linear Magno: fairly linear
33
Parvo vs. Magno Neurons: spatial sensitivity
Parvo: high frequencies Magno: low frequencies
34
Parvo vs. Magno Neurons: response to contrast
Parvo: weaker Magno: stronger but saturates
35
With color opponency, a neuron will be excited (or inhibited) by one color in its center and inhibited (or excited) by _________________ in the surround
Opponent color
36
Red-green color opponent parvo cells are inhibited by __________ wavelengths
Shorter
37
Red-green color opponent parvo cells are excited by __________ wavelengths
Longer
38
Do mango cells show color opponency? Why or why not?
No, mango cells have the same wavelength sensitivity in center and surround
39
Blue-yellow color opponent Konio cells are inhibited by ____________ wavelengths
Long
40
Blue-yellow color opponent Konio cells are excited by ____________ wavelengths
Very Short
41
3 different types of primary visual cortex cells.
Simple cells, Complex cells, Hypercomplex cells
42
V1 is also known as
primary visual cortex
43
V1/PVC is made up of ________ layers
6
44
Layer 4 of the PVC receives input from the _________
LGN
45
Axons from layers 5 and 6 of the PVC project to _____________ areas including specifically areas that control _____________
Sub-cortical areas like the superior colliculus that controls Saccades
46
Layer 6 of the PVC provides direct feedback to the _________
LGN
47
Simple cells of V1 are most responsive to an edge or a bar at a specific ______________
Orientation
48
Complex cells of V1 respond to the __________ the stimulus is moving
Direction
49
Is location of stimulus in its field important with Complex cells of V1?
No, direction is
50
Hypercomplex cells of V1 are sensitive to the __________ of a stimulus
Length
51
With Hypercomplex cells, is it better for the stimulus length to be slightly larger than optimal or smaller?
Better to be slightly larger and get a reduced response rather than no response at all with a smaller stimulus
52
Blobs play a role in __________
Color opponency
53
Inter-blob areas are sensitive to __________ , not __________
Orientation, not color
54
What are the two processing channels with the visual cortex?
Ventral/Temporal Pathway, Dorsal/parietal pathway
55
Ventral/temporal pathway input is predominantly from the ___________ pathway
Parvocellular
56
The Ventral/temporal pathway is responsible for what information?
Visual ID and recognition ## Footnote What? System
57
Dorsal/parietal pathway input is predominantly from the ______________ pathway
Magnocellular
58
The Dorsal/Parietal pathway is responsible for what information?
Objects spatial location ## Footnote Where? System

Block 8 (33 decks)

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