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Block 8 > Ocular: Optic Nerve > Flashcards

Ocular: Optic Nerve Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

What cranial nerve is the optic nerve?

A

CN 2 (lol just incase we forget HAHAHA)

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2
Q

Where is the optic disc located relative to the macula

A

Nasal to the macula

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3
Q

Approx. how many retinal ganglion cell axons for the optic nerve are in each eye?

A

1.2 - 2.2 million

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4
Q

What retinal layer is formed by the axons of the retinal ganglion cells?

A

The retinal nerve fiber layer

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5
Q

What are the four divisions of the optic nerve? What is the total length?

A
  1. Intraocular
  2. Intraorbital
  3. Intracanalicular
  4. Intracranial
    -4-5cm long
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6
Q

What are the dimensions of the optic disc?

A

1.9mm vertical and 1.5mm horizontal

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7
Q

In what direction is the optic cup displaced in relation to the disc?

A

Slightly temporal from the center of the disc

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8
Q

Does the optic cup have nerve fibers?

A

No

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9
Q

What does the neuroretinal rim contain? Where is it located?

A

-contains nerve fibers
-located between the margin of the optic disc and cup

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10
Q

What is the cup-to-disc ratio?

A

A comparison of the diameter of the cup to the overall diameter of the disc used to assess changes in the neurological rim thickness over time

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11
Q

What side of the cup do the central retinal blood vessels emerge?

A

The nasal side of the cup

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12
Q

What layers are in the “prelaminar” portion of the optic nerve?

A

The retinal part and the choroidal part

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13
Q

What layers are the in the “post laminar” part of the optic nerve?

A

The scleral part (lamina cribrosa)

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14
Q

What is the lamina cribrosa?

A

The region of the sclera where the optic nerve fibers pass through

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15
Q

What are the glial borders of the optic nerve?

A

-meniscus of kuhnt
-inner limiting membrane of elsching
-border tissue of elsching
-border tissue of Jacoby
-intermediary tissue of Kuhnt
-internal limiting membrane of retina

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16
Q

What is the meniscus of kuhnt?

A

Glial plaque (astrocytes) that line the optic cup

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17
Q

What is the internal limiting membrane of elsching?

A

Peripheral continuation of meniscus of kuhnt that lines the surface of the neuroretinal rim

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18
Q

What is the border tissue of elsching?

A

Collagen separating choroid from bundles of optic nerve fibers

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19
Q

What is the border tissue of jacoby?

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A

Glial tissue between the border tissue if elsching and optic nerve fibers.
-merges with 5 intermediary tissues of kuhnt

20
Q

What is the intermediary tissue of kuhnt?

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A

Glial tissue that separates outer retina bundles of optic nerve fibers

21
Q

What is the internal limiting membrane of the retina?

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A

A layer formed by the footplates of muller cells and is continuous with the inner limiting membrane of elsching

22
Q

What is Bergmeister’s papillae?

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A

A remnant of meniscus of kuhnt tissue surrounding the hyaloid vasculature during development

23
Q

Why is bergmeister’s papillae important?

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A

It is responsible for the resorption of the glial tissue that determines the optic cup size at birth

24
Q

Does the myelination of the optic nerve occur pre or post laminar in the optic nerve?

25
What is responsible for the increase in diameter of the retrobulbar optic nerve?
The tissue wrapped around the nerve
26
Why are astroyctes important?
-astrocytes form thick columns that keep the axons organized onto bundles in the optic nerve
27
How are astrocytes identified histologically in the optic nerve?
By their nuclei forming long columns between axonal bundles
28
How long is the intraorbital portion of the optic nerve?
About 25 mm from sclera to the apex of the orbit
29
What are the layer so the optic nerve sheath? Why are they important? Where do they go?
-dura mater, arachnoid mater, pita mater -they are continuous with the meninges around the brain -all three layers fuse with the skull
30
What is papilledema?
-bilateral swelling of the optic disc caused by increased intracranial pressure in the subarachnoid space
31
How does papilledema present?
-Indistinct optic disc margins -engorged venous blood vessels -small peripapillary hemorrhage -loss of spontaneous venous pulsation
32
What is pseudopapilledema? How does it differ from papilledema?
-buried optic disc drusen -mucopolysaccharide and protein material that become calcified with age
33
What is the length of the intracanalicular portion of the optic nerve?
5mm
34
What bony opening does the intracanalicular portion of the optic nerve pass through?
Optic canal
35
Where is the ophthalmic artery in relation to the optic nerve in the optic canal?
Inferolateral to the optic nerve
36
Does the optic nerve course inside or outside the common annular tendon?
INSIDE DUH WE KNOW THIS
37
What happens at the intracranial portion of the optic nerve? How long is it?
10mm long, it passes within the subarachnoid space and merges with the contralateral side to form the chiasm
38
What happens to visual information at the optic chiasm?
It merges with visual information from the contralateral side
39
Where is the optic chiasm located?
In the floor of the third ventricle
40
What blood vessels pierce the optic nerve?
Central retinal artery and vein
41
What supplies the retinal layer of the optic disc? Is that vessel fenestrated or non-fenestrated?
Retinal capillaries, non-fenestrated
42
How and where does the choroidal layer get nutrients?
Only the peripheral portion of the laminate choroidal is receives nutrition via diffusion from surrounding choroidal vasculature
43
What supplies the laminate cribrosa and the adjacent pial plexus?
Arterial circle of zinn-haller (which is supplied by SPCA)
44
Is there a connection between retinal and posterior ciliary arterial systems?
No
45
How does the central retinal artery enter the eye?
An aperture in the laminate cribrosa of the optic disc
46
How is the central retinal artery positioned in relation to the optic nerve and central retinal vein?
Slightly nasal in the nerve and nasal to central retinal vein
47
What is the ISNT rule?
The neuroretinal rim widths From thickest to thinnest: inferior, superior, nasal, temporal

Block 8 (33 decks)

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