Neuro: Hypothalamus

Question 1

Hypothalamus is ________ to midbrain

Answer 1

anterior

Question 2

How does the Hypothalamus control sweating?

Answer 2

Activates sweating

Question 3

Does the hypothalamus impact GI function?

Answer 3

Yes, activates GI Motility

Question 4

How does the hypothalamus impact blood pressure?

Answer 4

Increases blood pressure and heart rate

Question 5

Hypothalamus is responsive to what sensory input?

Answer 5

Temperature, blood-borne molecules, viscerosensation - blood pressure

Question 6

How does the hypothalamus contribute to body temperature?

Answer 6

Controls set-point body temperature like a thermostat

Question 7

Can the hypothalamus induce fever?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

The anterior hypothalamus plays a role in:

Answer 8

Heat dissipation and fever

Question 9

How does the anterior hypothalamus contribute to heat dissipation and fever?

Answer 9

Activates sweating and vasodilation

Question 10

Lesion of the anterior hypothalamus leads to ____________

Answer 10

Hyperthermia

Question 11

The posterior hypothalamus area/nucleus plays a role in:

Answer 11

Heat conservation/generation

Question 12

How does the posterior hypothalamus contribute to heat conservation/generation?

Answer 12

Vasoconstriction in skin and by shivering

Question 13

In infants, the posterior hypothalamus contributes to heat conservation/generation by doing what?

Answer 13

Activating brown fat

Question 14

Lesions of the posterior hypothalamus produce ____________

Answer 14

Loss of thermoregulation due to impaired heat conservation and collateral damage to projections from anterior hypothalamus

Question 15

Output from the arcuate nucleus projects to brain regions that regulate ________

Answer 15

Feeding

Question 16

Ventromedial hypothalamus plays a role in?

Answer 16

Feeding-suppression

Question 17

The lateral hypothalamic area plays a role in

Answer 17

Feeding-promotion

Question 18

Lateral hypothalamic area lesion temporarily reduce __________

Answer 18

Body weight

Question 19

Stress-induced release of glucocorticoids can act in the hypothalamus to trigger __________

Answer 19

Hunger/eating

Question 20

Stress-induced activation of brainstem norepinephrine and serotonin systems acts to ____________

Answer 20

Suppress hunger

Question 21

Histamine system promotes _________

Answer 21

Alertness

Question 22

Hypothalamic histamine system is located in what area of the hypothalamus?

Answer 22

Posterior hypothalamic nucleus and tuberomamillary nucleus

Question 23

Do newer antihistamines cause drowsiness?

Answer 23

Not as likely to, considering they have reduced access to brain

Question 24

Hypocretin/orexin promotes _________

Answer 24

Wake state

Question 25

Hypocretin/orexin neurons are concentrated in what area of the hypothalamus?

Answer 25

Lateral hypothalamus

Question 26

Hypocretin (orexin) deficiency can lead to __________

Answer 26

Narcolepsy

Question 27

Regulation of circadian rhythm is by ___________

Answer 27

SCN (Suprachiasmatic Nucleus)

Question 28

Pineal releases melatonin when?

Answer 28

During darkness

Question 29

Release of melatonin by Pineal is inhibited by __________

Answer 29

Light

Question 30

Mammillary bodies play a role in

Answer 30

Memory function

Question 31

Korsakoff's syndrome is damage due to a _________ deficiency that results from ____________

Answer 31

Thiamine deficiency that results from alcoholism/malnourishment

Question 32

Confabulation

Answer 32

the unintended false recollection of episodic memories

Question 33

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome can be accompanied by what deficits related to the eyes?

Answer 33

Oculomotor deficits

Question 34

Major arterial supply to the hypothalamus

Answer 34

Branches from the circle of Willis

Question 35

Are ischemic or hemorrhagic infarcts common in the hypothalamus?

Answer 35

Not common, small risk

Question 36

Primary neurological problem with the hypothalamus is ________ formation

Answer 36

Tumor

Question 37

Tumor growth at the hypothalamus can expand and crush the _________

Answer 37

Pituitary

Question 38

Tumors typically induce angiogenesis which is ___________

Answer 38

Increased vascularization

Question 39

Bleeding from a tumor can induce ___________

Answer 39

Seizures

Question 40

Traumatic brain injury can sever the infundibulum causing a disconnect between the hypothalamus and __________

Answer 40

Pituitary

Question 41

Optic chiasm and induced bitemporal hemianopia is most commonly due to __________ but can also arise from ____________

Answer 41

Pituitary tumor ## Footnote Can also arise from medially positioned meningioma