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Pharmacology 2 > Parasiticides > Flashcards

Parasiticides Flashcards

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1
Q

Treatment of Fasciola hepatica in cattle?

A

Clorsulon
need to repeat treatment

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1
Q

Clinical use of Selamectin?

A

Monthly topical in dogs and cats (6 weeks of age)
Kills adult fleas
Prevents eggs from hatching
Heartworm prevention
Ear mites
Sarcoptes
Dermacentor
Hookworms (Ancylostoma tubaeforme)
Roundworms in cats

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2
Q

What drugs kill the parasite?

A

Vermicides

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2
Q

Morantel is most effective against what worms?

A

GI nematodes

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3
Q

DOC to treat amebiasis?

A

Metronidazole

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3
Q

Broad-spectrum Benzimidazole anthelmintic approved in dogs, horses, swine, and lactating cattle?

A

Fenbendazole

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3
Q

Tetrahydropyrimidines act on what receptor at the NMJ?

A

Nicotinic

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3
Q

Pyrantel is most effective against what worms in dogs and cats?

A

Rounds
Hooks

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4
Q

Pyrantel is most effective against what worms in swine?

A

Rounds
Nodular

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5
Q

What is the route of administration of Ivermectin in swine?

A

Oral and injection

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6
Q

Drug that binds to tubulin of parasite microtubules disrupting cell division?

A

Benzimidazoles (albendazole)

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7
Q

Broad-spectrum Tetrahydropyrimidine approved in lactating dairy cattle?

A

Morantel

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8
Q

Treatment of liver fluke, cestodes and nematodes of the GI and lung in cattle?

A

Albendazole
contraindicated in pregnant cattle

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8
Q

Dichlorophene acts against which cestodes and in which species?

A

Taenia and Dipyllidium
dogs and cats

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8
Q

Treatment of circulatory collapse from microfilaricide?

A

Glucocorticoids

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9
Q

Narrow-spectrum anthelmintic?

A

Piperazine

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11
Q

What drugs just paralyze the worm?

A

Vermifumes

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13
Q

What drugs damage the membrane integrity of the parasite?

A

Praziquantel

Epsiprantel

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15
Q

What antitrematodal drug depletes glycogen energy reserves?

A

Clorsulon

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15
Q

Broad-spectrum Tetrahydropyrimidine approved in dogs, cats, and horses?

A

Pyrantel

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15
Q

Heartworm prevention in dogs?

A

Ivermectin
Milbemycin oxime
Moxidectin
Selamectin

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16
Q

Fenbendazole acts againse which cestodes and in which species?

A

Taenia
dogs
also works against rounds, hooks, and whips

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17
Q

What parasites are Ivermectin effective in cattle?

A

GI roundworms
Lungworms (D. Viviparus)

cattle grubs (Hypoderma bovis, H. lineatum)
suckling lice
mites or scabies
pour-on prep acts against horn flies (Haematobia irritans)

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18
Q

Anthelminthics that are cholinesterase inhibitors?

A

Dichlorvos

increase ACh concentration->muslce fasciculation->paralysis

low dose = depolarization

high dose = hyperpolarization

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19
What parasites are Ivermectin effective against in horses?
GI roundworms, lungworms (D. arnfieldi), stomach bots (Gasterophilus)
21
What coccidial drug can prevent AND treat coccidia?
Sulfonamides
22
DOC in cats and dogs to treat toxoplasmosis?
Clindamycin
22
Broad-spectrum Imidathiazole anthelmintic approved in horses, dogs, and cats?
Febantel
23
Sulfonamides are used to treat what parasite?
Coccidia
24
Broad-spectrum Imidathiazole anthelmintic approved in cattle, sheep, and swine?
Levamisole
25
Which antinematodal activates G-protein coupled receptors?
Emodepside
25
What is the route of administration of Ivermectin in cattle?
Pour on and injection
27
DOC to treat balantidiasis?
Metronidazole
29
Decoquinate acts on what parasites?
Coccidia
30
Anthelminthics that are depolarizing NMB?
Levamisole Pyrantel Morantel
30
What drug treats trichomoniasis in dogs and horses?
Metronidazole
31
Amprolium works against what type of parasite?
Coccidia
32
Mechainism of Decoquinate?
Inhibits mitochondrial electron transport
34
Broad-spectrum Benzimidazole anthelmintic that can also act againse adult Moniezia benedini in cattle?
Oxfendazole
35
What parasites are Ivermectin effective against in dogs and cats?
Tissue stage of D. immitus larva
36
Competitive NMB that kills metazoan parasites?
Piperazine
36
DOC for treatment of Giardia?
Metronidazole
36
Broad-spectrum anthelmintics?
Benzimidazoles Imidathiazoles and tetrahydropyrimidines Organophosphates Emodepside
37
Amprolium is approved in what species?
Laying birds
38
What parasites are Ivermectin effective against in swine?
GI roundworms Lungworms (Metastrongylus) Lice Mange mites (Sarcoptes)
39
Drug used to treat amebiasis in pregnant animals?
Furazolidone
40
Broad-spectrum Organophosphate?
Dichlorvos
42
Treatment of Histomonas meleagridis
Arsenicals (carb**_arsone_**, rox**_arsone_**, nit**_arsone_**)
43
Microfilaricidal therapy for heartworm?
Ivermectin Milbemycin
45
Praziquantel acts against which cestodes and in which species?
Taenia, Dipyllidium, and Echinococcus dogs, cats, horses Anoplocephala in horses
47
What class of drugs treat both ecto and endoparasites?
Endectocides
48
Contraindication of Albendazole in cattle?
First 45 days of pregnancy and breeding dairy cattle
49
How do benzimidazoles inhibit reproduction?
Ovicidal and larvicidal
50
Clinical use of Moxidectin?
Internal and external parasites in cattle (pour-on) Broad spectrum antinematodal in horses (PO) Heartworm prevention in dogs
52
Clinical use of Eprinomecin?
Pour-on similar to Ivermectin for cattle including lactating
54
Drug used to treat diarrhea in horses due to trichomonas, bacteria, and yeast?
Clioquinol
54
Dichlorvos is effective against what worms in dogs and cats?
Rounds Hooks Whips (dogs only)
55
What is the mechanism of Amprolium?
Inhibits thiamine transport
56
Which Imidathiazole has a wide safety margin?
Febantel
57
Epsiprantel acts against which cestodes and in which species?
Taenia and Dipyllidium dogs and cats
59
Metronidazole is not approved in what species?
Birds and food animals
60
Parasite drugs that bind to GABA causing parasite death and inhibition of egg production?
Macrocyclic lactones (MCLs): Avermectins, Milbemycins
61
Ionophores that are used to treat coccidia?
Monensin (most common) Lasalocid (goats) Salinomycin Narasin
63
Clinical use of Milbemycin oxime?
Heartworm disease Hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum) Roundworm (Toxocara caninum) Whipworm (Trichuris vulpis)
64
Site of action of Piperazine?
Competitive NMB
66
Drugs to treat Cryptosporidiosis?
Paromo**_mycin_** Azithro**_mycin_** Nitazoxanide
67
Contraindication of Benzimidazoles?
During pregnancy (teratogenic)
68
Specific antidote to dichlorvos
Atropine
69
MOA for Praziquantel?
Increases membrane permeability to calcium
70
Drug used to treat trichomonas (pigeon cankers) in non-food pigeons?
Carnidazole
71
Drug to treat babesiosis in horses?
Imidocarb
72
Broad-spectrum anthelmintic combined with Praziquantel?
Emodepside
73
What is the route of administration for ivermectin in horses, dogs, and cats?
Oral
73
Which should be given first? Adulticide or Microfilaricide?
Adulticide followed by Microfilaricide 3-4 weeks later
75
Dichlorvos is effective agains what worms in swine?
GI nematodes
76
Clinical use of Doramectin?
IM or SQ in cattle similar to Ivermectin
77
Drug to treat Sarcocystis neurona (EPM) in horses?
Nitazoxanide oral paste Ponazuril oral paste
78
Whats the age minimum for Selamectin and Milbemycin oxime?
6 weeks for Selamectin 8 weeks for Milbemycin
79
What parasites are Ivermectin effective against in sheep?
GI roundworms Lungworms (D. filaria) Nasal bots (O. ovis)
80
DOC to treat Anaplasmosis?
Oxytetracycline
81
Adulticide therapy for heartworm disease?
Melarsomine IM cage rest for 3-4 weeks after injection
82
Pyrantel is most effective against what worms in horses?
Pins Rounds Strongyles Anoplocephala at high doses
83
How do antiprotozoals inhibit reproduction?
Inhibition of growth
84
Piperazine is effective against large roundworms in what species?
Chickens Turkeys Horses Dogs Cats

Pharmacology 2 (13 decks)

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