Pharmacologic Principles 2

Question 1

In general, take medication on empty stomach with a full glass of water ( ? min to ? hour before food or ?hours after food)

20, 30, 1, 2,

Answer 1

30
1
2

Question 2

Drug is placed under the tongue

Sublingual or Buccal

Answer 2

Sublingual

Question 3

Drug is placed between the cheek and gum

Sublingual or Buccal

Answer 3

Buccal

Question 4

Do drugs absorb in the oral mucosa go to the GI tract or goes straight to General Circulation?

Answer 4

GC

Question 5

The drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation via injections

PARENTERAL ROUT or Enteral

Answer 5

PR

Question 6

Which stand for GI and Non GI

PARENTERAL ROUT or Enteral

Answer 6

PR Non GI

Gi E

Question 7

Routes
Intravenous, Intramuscular/Subcutaneous/Intradermal,
Epidural

PARENTERAL ROUT or Enteral

Answer 7

PR

Question 8

inhalation
Topical/Transdermal
Instillation (eye/ear/nose drops/sprays)

PARENTERAL ROUT or Enteral

Answer 8

PR

Question 9

Where does the drug go now? What happens to the drug? = ?

Absorption or Distribution

Answer 9

Distribution

Question 10

Lipid Soluble vs Water Soluble◦
Blood Brain Barrier, Placenta are

Protein Binding , or Permeability, or Circulation

Answer 10

Permeability

Question 11

Free vs Bound Drug are

Protein Binding , or Permeability, or Circulation

Answer 11

Protein Binding

Question 12

Diseases that alter circulation

Protein Binding , or Permeability, or Circulation

Answer 12

Circulation

Question 13

Easily distribute into fatty tissues where they may store or concentrate
Have the potential to cross the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) and the Placenta

Lipid Soluble or Water Soluble

Answer 13

LS

Question 14

Typically remain in highly vascularized spaces and can easily leave the body via elimination (urine!)

Lipid Soluble or Water Soluble

Answer 14

WS

Question 15

Some drugs preferentially bind to protein/albumin Called “low or highly bound drugs“

Answer 15

highly

Question 16

Drug is not bound to albumin
-can distribute into extravascular tissue to its intended target

Free or Bound drug

Answer 16

Free

Question 17

Stuck to albumin, stays in the bloodstream
◦Cannot get to extravascular space and reach intended target

Free or Bound drug

Answer 17

Bound

Question 18

Inactive or Active

Free Drugs

Answer 18

Active

Question 19

Inactive or Active

Bound Drugs

Answer 19

Inactive

Question 20

Lowly or highly protein bound drug= Phenytoin

Answer 20

Highly

Question 21

Vital organs like the heart, kidneys, liver, brain

Slow or Rapid

Answer 21

Rapid

Question 22

Muscle, skin, fat

Slow or Rapid

Answer 22

Slow

Question 23

Metabolism/Biotransformation
Cytochrome P-450
Enzyme Induction
Enzyme Inhibition
Pro-Drug
First Pass Effect

Distribution or Metabolism

Answer 23

Metabolism

Question 24

The biochemical alteration of a drug

Distribution or Metabolism

Answer 24

Metabolism

Question 25

substrate= target drug true or false

Answer 25

True

Question 26

What liver enzyme target drugs? Pro-drugs or Cytochrome P-450

Answer 26

Cytochrome P-450

Question 27

Cytochrome P-450 target hydrophilc and polar drugs to covent into Lipophilic and non polar?

Answer 27

No its reversed

Question 28

Enzyme Induction and Enzyme Inhibition are apart of Pro-drugs or Cytochrome P-450

Answer 28

Cytochrome P-450

Question 29

Enzyme Inhibition Slow or Increase the livers metabolizing function?

Answer 29

slow

Question 30

Enzyme Induction Slow or Increase the livers metabolizing function?

Answer 30

increase

Question 31

They are inactive drugs that becomes active once metabolized by liver Pro-drugs or Cytochrome P-450

Answer 31

Pro Drugs

Question 32

Can Prodrugs help improve bioavailability?

Answer 32

Yes

Question 33

Liver damage is know as | ecchymosis or hepatotoxicity

Answer 33

hepatotoxicity

Question 34

0 to 35 units/L ALT or AST

Answer 34

AST

Question 35

4 to 36 units/L ALT or AST

Answer 35

ALT

Question 36

Liver damage occurs when ALT or AST elevates or decline

Answer 36

elevates

Question 37

The elimination of drugs from the body Elimination or Metabolism

Answer 37

Elimination

Question 38

PRIMARY SITE OF ELIMINATION is Liver or Kidney?

Answer 38

Kidney

Question 39

Which is the filter of the Kidney? Glomerulus or Hypothamus

Answer 39

Glomerulus

Question 40

What is muscle breakdown Serum Creatinine or Glomerulus

Answer 40

Serum Creatinine

Question 41

Serum Creatine high is good or bad Serum Creatine with fomula low is that good or bad

Answer 41

bad | bad

Question 42

The time it takes for the drug to elicit a therapeutic response Duration or Onset

Answer 42

Onset

Question 43

The time a drug concentration is sufficient to elicit a therapeutic response Duration or Onset

Answer 43

Duration

Question 44

The plasma drug level below which therapeutic effects will not occur Therapeutic Index/Range or Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC) or Toxicity

Answer 44

Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC)

Question 45

Enough drug present to produce therapeutic response, but not enough to be toxic Therapeutic Index/Range or Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC) or Toxicity

Answer 45

Therapeutic Index/Range

Question 46

Plasma drug levels climb too high, toxicity occurs Therapeutic Index/Range or Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC) or Toxicity

Answer 46

Toxicity

Question 47

The time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to be removed from the body Toxicity or Half life

Answer 47

HL

Question 48

How many half lives are their?

Answer 48

5