Pharmacology

Question 1

It describes the actions of a drug on the body
and the influence of drug concentrations on the
magnitude of the response

Answer 1

Pharmacodynamics

Question 2

It act as signals

Answer 2

Drugs

Question 3

It act as signal detectors

Answer 3

Receptor

Question 4

It is responsible for selectivity of
drug action

Answer 4

Receptor

Question 5

Receptors mediate the actions of pharmacologic __ and ___

Answer 5

Agonists and
antagonists

Question 6

What does the Agonist do to the ureter? It acts as…

Answer 6

Diuretic

Question 7

What does the Antagonist do to the ureter? It acts as…

Answer 7

Antidiuretic

Question 8

What does Inverse Agonist do to the brain?

Answer 8

Depress CNS

Question 9

What does Inverse Agonist do to the brain?

Answer 9

Stimulating the
negative response

Question 10

Gs activates what?

Answer 10

Adenylyl cyclase

Question 11

Gs increases what?

Answer 11

Increase cAMP

Question 12

Gi inhibits what?

Answer 12

Adenylyl cyclase

Question 13

Gi decreases what ?

Answer 13

cAMP

Question 14

Gq activates…

Answer 14

Phospholipase C

Question 15

Gq increases…

Answer 15

IP3, DAG, and Calcium

Question 16

What is cAMP?

Answer 16

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Question 17

What is DAG?

Answer 17

diacylglycerol

Question 18

What is IP3?

Answer 18

Inositol triphosphate

Question 19

De-phosporylation results to…

Answer 19

Relaxation

Question 20

Actions of effector molecules

Answer 20

Interplay among signaling
mechanisms

Question 21

powerfully amplifies the initial regulatory signal by recording a molecular memory that the pathway has been activated

Answer 21

Phosphorylation

Question 22

erases the memory, taking a longer time to do so than is required for dissociation of an allosteric ligand

Answer 22

De-phosphorylation

Question 23

It is a measure of the amount of drug necessary to produce an effect of a given
magnitude

Answer 23

Potency

Question 24

The concentration of drug producing 50% of the maximum effect (EC50) is usually used to determine potency

Answer 24

EC50

Question 25

magnitude of response a drug causes when it interacts with a receptor

Answer 25

Efficacy

Question 26

dependent on the number of drug–receptor complexes formed and the intrinsic activity of the drug

Answer 26

Efficacy

Question 27

ability to activate the receptor and cause a cellular response

Answer 27

Intrinsic activity

Question 28

refers to the movement of drug into, through, and out of the body

Answer 28

Pharmacokinetics

Question 29

Transfer of a drug from the site of administration to the bloodstream

Answer 29

Absorption

Question 29

ADME

Answer 29

Absorption Distribution Metabolism Excretion

Question 30

Absorption of acidic drugs occur in the...

Answer 30

Stomach

Question 31

Absorption of basic drugs occur in the...

Answer 31

Small intestine

Question 32

LUNA

Answer 32

Lipophilic Nonpolar Unionized Absorption

Question 33

Ionized Drugs are..

Answer 33

Water Soluble and Polar

Question 33

The process in which an atom/molecule acquires a positive/negative charge by losing or gaining electrons

Answer 33

Ionization

Question 34

Unionized Drugs

Answer 34

Lipid soluble and Nonpolar

Question 35

the adding of a proton

Answer 35

Protonation

Question 36

Form if pH is less than pKa

Answer 36

drugs are in protonated forms

Question 37

Acidic protonated drugs are found in what organ?

Answer 37

Stomach

Question 38

Form if pH is greater than pKa

Answer 38

drugs are in deprotonated forms

Question 39

High vascularized organs (3)

Answer 39

Brain, Heart, and Liver

Question 40

Factors affecting Distribution

Answer 40

Capillary Permeability Protein Binding Lipohilicity

Question 41

Basic deprotonated drugs are found in what organ?

Answer 41

Small intestine

Question 42

actors affecting Distribution

Answer 42

Volume of Distribution

Question 43

Types of Capillaries

Answer 43

Continuous, Fenestrated and Discontinuous

Question 44

Continuous

Answer 44

Fat muscle nervous system

Question 45

Fenestrated

Answer 45

Kidney glomeruli intestinal villi endocrine glands

Question 46

Discontinuous

Answer 46

Liver bone marrow spleen

Question 47

Drugs should be ___ enough to pass

Answer 47

Small

Question 48

Protein Binding results to

Answer 48

Inhibition of distribution

Question 49

Lipophilic drugs can...

Answer 49

Readily cross membranes Blood flow affects its distribution

Question 50

Formula in determining Volume of Distribution

Answer 50

Vd = dose/Plasma conc.

Question 51

Hydrophilic drugs do not readily ______

Answer 51

Penetrate membranes

Question 52

What happens to the concentration in the tissue if the Vd is high

Answer 52

Increases

Question 53

Effect of Vd on Drug half life

Answer 53

Increase Vd = Increase half life

Question 54

Goal of Metabolism

Answer 54

to degrade and water solubility

Question 55

What happens to the metabolism of the drug if it binds with CYP450

Answer 55

Degrades

Question 56

What are the 2 phases of Metabolism

Answer 56

Phase 1: Functionalization Phase 2: Conjugation

Question 57

Reactions that occurs in Phase 1

Answer 57

Oxidation Reduction Hydrolysis

Question 58

Reactions that occurs in Phase 2

Answer 58

Glucuronidation Sulfation Methylation Acetylation GSH conjugation Glycine conjugation

Question 59

7 Enzyme Inducers

Answer 59

Carbamazepine Rifampicin Alcohol Phenytoin Griseofulvin Phenobarbital Sulfonylureas

Question 60

12 Enzyme Inhibitors

Answer 60

Sodium valproate Isoniazid Cimetidine Ketoconazole Fluconazole Alcohol & grapefruit juice Chloramphenicol Erythromycin Sulfonamides Ciprofloxacin Omeprazole Metronidazole