Pharmacology notes Topnotch Flashcards
(60 cards)
0
Q
Neural tube defect
A
Valproic acid
1
Q
Fetal renal damage / renal agenesis
A
ACE inhibitors
2
Q
Fatal hydantoin syndrome
A
Phenytoin
3
Q
Neonatal hypoglycemia
A
Oral hypoglycemic agents
4
Q
Vaginal clear cell Ca
A
DES
5
Q
Eibstein anomaly
A
Lithium
6
Q
Craniofacial malformations
A
Tetinoin
7
Q
Congenital hypothyroidism
A
Iodide
8
Q
Möbius sequence
A
Misoprostol
9
Q
Cutis laxa
A
Penicillamine.
Used for Wilson’s ds
10
Q
Phocomelia
A
Thalidomide
11
Q
IUGR
A
Smoking
12
Q
Ototoxicity
A
Streptomycin
13
Q
Aplasia cutis congenita
A
Methimazole
14
Q
Kernicterus
A
Sulfonamide
15
Q
Cartilage damage
A
Foroquinolones
DNA gyrase/ topoisomerase II
16
Q
Trial when careful evaluation of dose response relationship and pharmacokinetics among NORMAL human volunteers
A
Phase 1 trial
17
Q
Evaluate drug in patients with target ds
A
Phase 2 trial
18
Q
Trial involving many patients and clinicians
A
Phase 3 trial
19
Q
Detects toxicities/ post marketing surveillance
A
Phase 4 trial
20
Q
Inhibits transport of CHOLINE used in ACh synthesis
A
Hemicholin
21
Q
Inhibits transport of ACh to vesicle for storage
A
Vesamicol
transport Vehicle inhibitor:)
22
Q
Inhibit AChE in NMJ
A
Organophosphates
23
Q
For bowel and bladder atony
A
Betanichol
- Cholinomimetic, direct, bind to muscarinic R
24
Used for SICCA syndrome of Sjorgen
Pilocarpine
- cholinomimetic.direct, bind to muscarinic R
- Increase aqueous humor flow and salivation.
25
Amanita phalloides MOS
RNA polymerase II inhibitor
26
S/sx organophosphate poisoning
nerve gas poisoning, cholinergic excess, inhibition of ACHe
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
```
Bronchospasm
Bradycardia
Excitation of Sk muscle and CNS
Lacrimation
Sweating
Salivation
```
27
Bonds in order of strength
Covalent bond > ionic/hydrogen/van der waals bonds > hydrophobic bond
28
Indirect acting cholinomimetic ?
Bind AChE to prevent removal of ACh from ACh receptor
Edrophonium short acting
Longer acting
Neostigmine
Pyridostigmine
Physostigmine - glaucoma. Can cross BBB.
29
Cholinorecetor/muscarinic blockers
Anti muscarinic
1 M1 selective
2 non selective - atropine, scopolamine
Anti-nicotinic
1ganglion blockers
2 neuromuscular blockers - tubocurarine etc
Cholinesterase regenerators
1 pralidoxime
Other
Ipratropium
30
Muscarinic antagonists for PD
Trihexyphenidyl
Benztropine
Biperidine (akineton)
31
Atropine toxicity
```
Hot as a hare
Dry as a bone - dec secretions
Red as a beet - cutaneous vasodilation
Blind as a bat - dilated pupils
Mad as a hatter
```
32
Neuromuscular blockers
NDMB - non depolarizing
DMB - depolarizing
NDMB: Tubocurarine, pancuronium, atracurium, verocurium
DMB : succinylcholine
33
Kidney dopa vs NorE
Dopamine vasoDilates the afferent arterioles, while NorE vasoconstricts them
34
NorE transmitter at sympathetic post ganglionic except in
Eccrine sweat glands
Vasodilator sympathetic fibers in skeletal muscle
These use ACh acting on muscarinic receptors
35
Inhibits hydroxylation of tyrosine to DOPA
ie inhibits NorE synthesis
Metyrosine
36
Inhibits transport of NorE and Dopamine in vesicles for storage
ie inhibits storage
Reserpine
37
Monoamin oxidase inactivate NorE and dopamine in the cytoplasm
Effect of MAO inhibitors?
Increase store of NorE and Dopamine
38
Inhibits release of NorE
Guanethiadine
39
Promotes release of NorE 2
Amphetamines
Tyramine - found in cheese etc, relate to antidepressant MAO
inhibitors
40
Inhibit reuptake of NorE from receptor such that NorE action cannot be terminated
1 cocaine
| 2 TCAs
41
Inhibit degradation of NorE into metanephrine and VMA
MAO inhibitors, COMT inhibitors
42
Beta receptors b1 vs b2
1 heart, 2 lungs
B1 heart
B2 bronchodilation
43
Non selective sympathomimetics
```
1 Epi. Alpha1, B1, B2
2 NorE Alpha1, B1, B2
3 Dopamine
1 -5 mcg/kg/min low D1 vasodilate splanchnic and renal bed
5-15 medium B1
> 15 high alpha1
```
44
Non selective beta agonist
Isopreterenol
45
Alpha 1 agonist
| Alpha 2 agonist
Alpha 1 agonist. Pseudoephedrine
| Alpha 2 agonist. Clonedine, Methyldopa
46
Treat rebound hypertension from clonidine with
Phentolamine - non selective alpha blocker
47
B1 agonist
doButamine
48
Beta 2 agonist
Salbutamol
Albuterol
Salmetrol - long acting
49
Acute heart failure
Septic shock
Task: increase CO
B1 and D1 agonist
ie doButamine - b1; dopamine d1, b1
50
Hypertension
Glaucoma
Goal: decrease BP
Alpha 2 agonist
51
Uterine smooth muscle relaxation
Bronchodilation
B2 agonist
52
Non selective alpha blockers
Phenoxybenzamine - presurgical pheochromocytoma
| Phentolamine - alpha 2 antidote for rebound hypertension
53
Alpha 1 blockers
"-zosin"s
Tamsolusin - selective for prostatic smooth muscle
54
Selective beta 1 blockers
BEAM
Betaxolol
Esmolol
Acebutolol
Metoprolol
55
Flow of aqueous humor
Ciliary body -> posterior chamber -> anterior chamber angle -> pupil -> anterior chamber -> trabecular meshwork -> canal of Schlemn -> uveoscleral veins
56
Glaucoma tx
Decrease secretion of aqueous humor from ciliary epithelium
Apraclonidine Alpha 2 agonist
Timolol Beta blocker nonselective
Mannitol
Acetazolamide/Dorzolamide Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
57
Glaucoma meds
Ciliary muscle contraction opening trabecular meshwork, increasing outflow
Cholinomimetics
Pilocarpine. - direct ie an analog of ACh
Physostigmine. - indirect ie inhibit AChE
58
Glaucoma meds
Increase outflow through canal of Schlemn
Latanoprost - prostaglandin
59
Increased outflow via uveoscleral veins
Epinephrine
