Patho Flashcards
1
Q
Cytokines of chronic inflammation
A
1IL 12 inc IFN Y 2INF Y activates macrophages 3IL 17 recruites neutrophils and monocytes
2
Q
DMARD activates TB
A
Infliximab
3
Q
Sarcoidosis
A
non caseating granuloma increases ACE
4
Q
Subacute endocarditis
A
S viridans
5
Q
Native valve endocarditis
A
S viridans
6
Q
Prosthetic valve endocarditis
A
S epidermidis
7
Q
Marantic endocarditis
A
S Bovis
8
Q
Septic endocarditis
A
S aureus Tricuspid valve endocarditis in IV drug user
9
Q
AD Nervous system Ds 4
A
1Huntington CAG 2NF 3Myotonic dystrophy CTG 4Tuberous Sclerosis
10
Q
AD Urinary system Ds 1
A
Polycystic kidney ds
11
Q
AD GIT Ds 1
A
Familial polyposis
12
Q
AD Hema 2
A
1 Hereditary spherocytosis 2 vWF
13
Q
AD Skeletal Ds 4
A
1Osteogenesis imperfecta 2Ehler Danlos 3Marfan FIBRILLIN 1 4Achondroplasia
14
Q
AD metabolic 2
A
1Familial hypercholesterolemia LDL Receptor 2Acute intermittent pophyria
15
Q
X linked Dominant 2
A
1Vit D ressistant rickets 2Alport Syndrome collagen 4
16
Q
X linked Recessive Msk 1
A
Duchenne DYSTROPHIN
17
Q
X linked Recessive Hema 3
A
1 Hemophilia A B 2Chronic granilomatous Ds 3Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase def
18
Q
X linked Recessive Immune 2
A
1 Aggamaglobinemia 2Wiskott Aldrich syndrome
19
Q
X linked Recessive Metabolic 2
A
1DI 2Lesch Neyhan
20
Q
X linked Recessive Nervous 1
A
X lFragile X CGG
21
Q
Ectopia lentis Marfan vs Homocystinuria
A
Marfan SUPERO TEMPORAL Homocystinuria INFERO NASAL
22
Q
LI fraumeni ca mutated tumor suppresor gene
A
AD mutation of P53 leading to family history of Osteosacoma Breast cancer Soft tissue sarcoma Adrenocortical tumor Leukemia
23
Q
MEN2 syndrome gene
A
Ret
24
Q
Boot shaped heart
A
TOF
25
Egg shaped cardiac silhouette
Transposition of the great vessels
26
Nephrotic Syndromes 5 FeDe MMR
1MCD 2MGN 3Diabetic Nephropathy 4Renal amyloidosis 5FSGN
27
Nephritic Syndromes 5 PAGARP
1PSGN 2 Iga nephritis 3Goodpasture 4AlFourth syndrome 5RPGN 6Lypus nephropathy
28
MUDPILES of high anion gap metabolic acidosis
Methanol Uremia DKA Paraldehyde Phenformin Iron tablets INH Lactic acidosis Ethylene glycol Salicylates or ASA
29
HARDUP of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis
Hyperalimentation Acetazolamide RTA Diarrhea Ureteroenteric fistula Pancreaticoduodenal fistula
30
ARF Pre renal
Urine osmolality GREATER 500 Urine Na LESS 10 BUN CREA ratio GREATER 15
31
ARF Renal
Urine osmolality LESS 350 Urine Na GREATER 20 BUN CREA ratio LESS 15
32
ARF Pre renal
Urine osmolality GREATER 500 Urine Na LESS 10 BUN CREA ratio GREATER 15
33
UMN vagus lesion
uvula deviates ipsilateral to lesion
34
LMN vagus lesion
uvula deviates contralateral to lesion
35
Causes of pancreatitis GET SMASHED
Gallstones Ethanol Trauma Steroid high dose Mumps Autoimmune Scorpion bit ERCP Drugs such as aspariginase
36
Lymphoblast MPO and PAS
MPO negative PAS positive ALL T12 21 better prognosis
37
Myeloblast MPO
MPO positive
38
T 15 17 translocation
AML M3 with auer rods
39
Alkaline phosphatase in leukemoid reaction
Increased
40
DOC for CML
Imatinib tyrosine kinase inhibitor
41
Hodgkins lymphoma regimen
ABVD
42
Non Hodgkins lymphoma regimen
CHOP
43
Reed sternberg
Hodgkins Lymphoma
44
Encapsulated organism SHiNy CKaP
S pneumonia H influenza N meningitidis Crypticoccus neoformans Klebsiella P aeroginosa
45
Mutation Sickle cell
Point mutation
46
Mutation Thalassemia
Deletion
47
MCC CAP
S. Pneumonia
48
MCC Common cold
Rhinovirus
49
MC Viral cause of Atypical Pneumonia in children
RSV
50
MCC croup in infants
Parainfluenza virus Steeple sign
51
MCC atypical pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumonia
52
Contains edema factor lethal factor and protective antigen
B anthracis
53
Anaerobe draining sinuses in the jaw sulfur granuels
Actinomyces israeli
54
Thumbprint sign
H influenza causing bacterial epiglotitis
55
MCC nosocomial pneumonia and pneumonia in CF
Pseudomonas aeriginosa SWARMING MOTILITY
56
Pyocyanin pneumonia associated with infarction due to vessel invasion
Pseudomonas aeriginosa
57
Budding yeast with narrow based buds encapsulated
Cryptococcus
58
Narrow angled branching septate hyphae
Aspergillus A Acute Angle
59
Wide angled hyphae without septae
Mucor
60
Ghon focus location
lower lobe PRIMARY TB
61
Ghon complex
ghon focus plus hilar adenopathy
62
Secondary TB found in Apex
Simon focus
63
TB drug with worst hepatitis SE
Pyrazinamide also GOUT LIKE symptoms
64
MC type of lung Ca
Metastasis
65
MC primary lung cancer
Adenocarcinoma
66
Tumor suppresor genes
Rb Retinoblastoma. P53.
67
Blocks G1 to S phase.Inhibits E2F.
Rb. Tumor suppresor gene.
68
Blocks G1 to S phase. Transcription factor for p21.
p53.
69
DNA repair protein
BRCA1 BRCA2
70
Tumor suppresor genes 10
Rb. P53. BRCA1 2. NF 1 2. WT1. APC. VHL. DPC deleted in pancreatic ca. DCC deleted in colon ca.
71
Tumor suppresors are usually
Autosomal recesseive EXCEPT VHL. 2 hit hypothesis.
72
Oncogenes are usually
autosomal dominant
73
Present in PBS of post splenectomy patients
Howell jolly bodies and target cells
74
Acetazolamide, furosemide and hctz cause what acid base disorder.
Metabolic acidosis - acetazolamide
| Metabolic alkalosis - furo and hctz
75
Warm agglutinin (IgG) found in
Chronic anemia of SLE, CLL
| Drugs methyldopa
76
Cold agglutinin (IgM) found in
Cold ay Malamig:)
Acute anemia of
- CLL
- Mycoplasma pneumonia
- Infectious mononucleosis
77
Anti Ig antibody is added to patients serum. RBCs agglutinate if RBCs are coated with Ig.
Direct Coomb's test
78
Normal RBCs added to patient's serum. Blood will agglutinate if serum has anti RBC surface Ig.
Indirect Coomb's test
79
Present in PBS of post splenectomy patients
Howell jolly bodies and target cells
80
Causes of eosinophilia
Red warriors of the NCAA of Philippines
```
Red warrior - eosinophils
Neoplasm
Collagen
Vascular disease
Asthma
Allergy
Parasites
```
81
Have round densely staining nuclei that nearly fill up the entire cell
Or
Small and round with densely staining nuclei
B and T lymphocytes
82
Cytoplasm filled with large bluish granules. Elevated in allergic reaction only, not parasitic reactions.
Mast cells
These interact with IgE and degranulate releasing heparin, histamine and oth chemo tactic factors.
Elevated bothe parasitic and allergic : eosinophils
83
Kidney shaped nucleus
Monocytes
Inc during chronic inflammation (viral/fungal) and migrate to the tissue where they differentiate into macrophages.
84
Multi lobed nuclei with pink granules that contain hydrolytic enzymes, lysozymes and myeloperoxidase.
Neutrophils
85
Seronegative spondyloarthropathies
Arthritis without rheumatoid factor (no anti IgG antibody), with strong association with HLA B27 ( codes for MhC class I)
PAIR
Psoriatic arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Inflammatory bowel disease
Reactive arthritis/Reiter's syndrome
86
Negatively befringent and needle shaped crystals in joint fluid
Urate crystals
Gout
87
Ulnar deviation of wrist
| Swan neck and Boutonnière deformity (interphalangeal joint)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
88
Weakly befringent and rhomboid crystals in joint fluid
Pseudo gout
89
Increases risk of developing Goodpastures syndrome
Goodpastures syndrome: Type II
Increases risk:
- dry cleaning solvents - hydrocarbon
- smoking
90
Warm agglutinin IgG
warm is gGreat
Chronic anemia : SLE, CLL
Methyldopa
Note: Cold agglutinin (IgM Malamig)
aCute anemia : CLL, myCoplasma pneumonia,
infeCtious mononuCleosis
91
Acetazolamide, furosemide and hctz cause what acid base disorder.
Metabolic acidosis - acetazolamide
| Metabolic alkalosis - furo and hctz
92
Warm agglutinin (IgG) found in
Chronic anemia of SLE, CLL
| Drugs methyldopa
93
Cold agglutinin (IgM) found in
Cold ay Malamig:)
Acute anemia of
- CLL
- Mycoplasma pneumonia
- Infectious mononucleosis
94
When you see target cells - HALT
Hemoglobin C disease
Asplenia
Liver disease
Thalassemia
95
Anti Ig antibody is added to patients serum. RBCs agglutinate if RBCs are coated with Ig.
Direct Coomb's test
96
Normal RBCs added to patient's serum. Blood will agglutinate if serum has anti RBC surface Ig.
Indirect Coomb's test
97
Present in PBS of post splenectomy patients
Howell jolly bodies and target cells
98
Causes of eosinophilia
Red warriors of the NCAA of Philippines
```
Red warrior - eosinophils
Neoplasm
Collagen
Vascular disease
Asthma
Allergy
Parasites
```
99
Have round densely staining nuclei that nearly fill up the entire cell
Or
Small and round with densely staining nuclei
B and T lymphocytes
100
Cytoplasm filled with large bluish granules. Elevated in allergic reaction only, not parasitic reactions.
Mast cells
These interact with IgE and degranulate releasing heparin, histamine and oth chemo tactic factors.
Elevated bothe parasitic and allergic : eosinophils
101
Kidney shaped nucleus
Monocytes
Inc during chronic inflammation (viral/fungal) and migrate to the tissue where they differentiate into macrophages.
102
Multi lobed nuclei with pink granules that contain hydrolytic enzymes, lysozymes and myeloperoxidase.
Neutrophils
103
Seronegative spondyloarthropathies
Arthritis without rheumatoid factor (no anti IgG antibody), with strong association with HLA B27 ( codes for MhC class I)
PAIR
Psoriatic arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Inflammatory bowel disease
Reactive arthritis/Reiter's syndrome
104
Negatively befringent and needle shaped crystals in joint fluid
Urate crystals
Gout
105
Ulnar deviation of wrist
| Swan neck and Boutonnière deformity (interphalangeal joint)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
106
Weakly befringent and rhomboid crystals in joint fluid
Pseudo gout
107
Increases risk of developing Goodpastures syndrome
Goodpastures syndrome: Type II
Increases risk:
- dry cleaning solvents - hydrocarbon
- smoking
108
Warm agglutinin IgG
warm is gGreat
Chronic anemia : SLE, CLL
Methyldopa
Note: Cold agglutinin (IgM Malamig)
aCute anemia : CLL, myCoplasma pneumonia,
infeCtious mononuCleosis
109
Acetazolamide, furosemide and hctz cause what acid base disorder.
Metabolic acidosis - acetazolamide
| Metabolic alkalosis - furo and hctz
110
Warm agglutinin (IgG) found in
Chronic anemia of SLE, CLL
| Drugs methyldopa
111
Cold agglutinin (IgM) found in
Cold ay Malamig:)
Acute anemia of
- CLL
- Mycoplasma pneumonia
- Infectious mononucleosis
112
When you see target cells - HALT
Hemoglobin C disease
Asplenia
Liver disease
Thalassemia
113
Anti Ig antibody is added to patients serum. RBCs agglutinate if RBCs are coated with Ig.
Direct Coomb's test
114
Normal RBCs added to patient's serum. Blood will agglutinate if serum has anti RBC surface Ig.
Indirect Coomb's test
116
Causes of eosinophilia
Red warriors of the NCAA of Philippines
```
Red warrior - eosinophils
Neoplasm
Collagen
Vascular disease
Asthma
Allergy
Parasites
```
117
Have round densely staining nuclei that nearly fill up the entire cell
Or
Small and round with densely staining nuclei
B and T lymphocytes
118
Cytoplasm filled with large bluish granules. Elevated in allergic reaction only, not parasitic reactions.
Mast cells
These interact with IgE and degranulate releasing heparin, histamine and oth chemo tactic factors.
Elevated bothe parasitic and allergic : eosinophils
119
Kidney shaped nucleus
Monocytes
Inc during chronic inflammation (viral/fungal) and migrate to the tissue where they differentiate into macrophages.
120
Multi lobed nuclei with pink granules that contain hydrolytic enzymes, lysozymes and myeloperoxidase.
Neutrophils
121
Seronegative spondyloarthropathies
Arthritis without rheumatoid factor (no anti IgG antibody), with strong association with HLA B27 ( codes for MhC class I)
PAIR
Psoriatic arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Inflammatory bowel disease
Reactive arthritis/Reiter's syndrome
122
Negatively befringent and needle shaped crystals in joint fluid
Urate crystals
Gout
123
Ulnar deviation of wrist
| Swan neck and Boutonnière deformity (interphalangeal joint)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
124
Weakly befringent and rhomboid crystals in joint fluid
Pseudo gout
125
Increases risk of developing Goodpastures syndrome
Goodpastures syndrome: Type II
Increases risk:
- dry cleaning solvents - hydrocarbon
- smoking
126
Warm agglutinin IgG
warm is gGreat
Chronic anemia : SLE, CLL
Methyldopa
Note: Cold agglutinin (IgM Malamig)
aCute anemia : CLL, myCoplasma pneumonia,
infeCtious mononuCleosis
130
When you see target cells - HALT
Hemoglobin C disease
Asplenia
Liver disease
Thalassemia
