Physio Flashcards
(173 cards)
1
Q
GLUT RBC
A
GLUT 1 3
2
Q
GLUT 2
A
1liver 2pancreas 3small intestine BasoLateral side 2 words
3
Q
GLUT 4
A
1adipose 2SK ms
4
Q
GLUT 5
A
small intestine L U M E N 5 letters
5
Q
receptors SI lumen
A
SGLT1 and GLUT5
6
Q
Osmolality formula
A
2Na PLUS Glucose div 18 PLUS urea div 2.8
7
Q
Na K Atpase How many Na and K
A
toKen or twoKin Two K in
8
Q
Location of NA K ATPase pump in most cells
A
basolateral except in choroid plexus
9
Q
Give 2 brain tumors arising from dividing neurons of infants
A
1Neuroblastoma 2Retinoblastoma
10
Q
Destruction of myelin sheath PNS
A
GBS schwann cell made
11
Q
Destruction of myelin sheath CNS
A
MS oligodendrocyte made
12
Q
Unmyelinated parts of axon
A
Nodes of Ranvier
13
Q
Disaeses using retrograde axonal tansport dynein 2
A
1Tetanus 2Botulism
14
Q
Term to describe collection of Neurons in PNS
A
ganglion
15
Q
Term to describe collection of Neurons in CNS
A
Nucleus or Locus or Substantia
16
Q
Axons connecting cerebrum and brainstem
A
Capsule
17
Q
Collection of axons with common origin and destination
A
Tract
18
Q
Bundle of axons in PNS
A
Nerve except optic nerve
19
Q
Production of ACH
A
Nucleus Basalis of Meynert
20
Q
3 substances made from Tryptophan
A
Niacin Melatonin Serotonin production requires B6
21
Q
Parkinson drugs BALSA
A
Bromocriptine Amantadine Levi/carbidopa Selegilin Antimuscarinic bextropine
22
Q
Converterd to Melatonin in PINEAL GLAND
A
Serotonin
23
Q
Nitrous oxide vs Nitric oxide
A
N20 laughing gas while NO is vasodilatorand or inhibitor synthesized PRN
24
Q
Precursor of NO
A
Arginine
25
Eponym of NO
endothelium derived relazing factor
26
Precursor of GABA
Derived from GLUTAMATE the excitatory NT
27
Enterochromaffin cell vs enterochromaffin like cells in stomach
Enterochromaffin cell SEROTONIN vs enterochromaffin like cells HISTAMINE
28
Histamine prodn in CNS
Tuberomamillary nucleus of hypothalamus
29
Purely excitatory NT
glutamate
30
Purely inhibitory NT 4
GABA Glycine Serotonin NO
31
excitatory of inihibitory NTs 4
aCh NorE Epi Dopamine
32
Char of action potential 3
1stereotypical size and shape 2propagating 3all or none
33
Na channel blocker of Neurona 2
1Tetrodotoxin from puffer fish AWAKE BUT PARALYZED 2Saxitoxin in Dinoflagellates eaten by tahong
34
K channel blocker of Neuron
Tetraehylammonium from puffer fish
35
Anterograde amnesia
hippocampus
36
Retrograde amnesia
thalamus
37
REM sleep what wave
Beta wave
38
EEG awake with eyes closed
A wave
39
EEG awake eyes open
Beta wave also REM sleep EEG
40
Brain disorder
Theta wave
41
Infant EEG
delta wave
42
EEG petit mal seizure
Spike and wave
43
DOC status epilepticus
pedia phenytoin
44
DOC status epilepticus
adult Frenzodiazepins
45
smallest drug
lithium
46
% BS to brain
14 percent of CO
47
BP when autoregulation happens
60 to 140 mmHg
48
Afferent and efferent of Baroreceptors
Afferent CN 9 10 Efferent CN 10
49
CSF formed per day
500 ml at 0.5 ml per minute
50
No BBB
1area postrema 2 areas of hypothalamus 3pineal gland
51
SNS vs PNS pupil
SNS L1 mydriasis or dilate via radial ms PNS miosis or constrict via ciliary ms
52
SNS vs PNS HR
SNS B1 tachy PNS brady
53
SNS vs PNS heart
contractility SNS B1 inc PNS dec
54
SNS vs PNS Skin and splanchnic
SNS L1 constrict PNS no effect
55
SNS vs PNS Sk muscle
SNS B2 dilate
56
SNS vs PNS Bronchi
SNS B2 dilation PNS constrictiom
57
SNS vs PNS GIT Bladder walls
SNS B2 relaxation PNS contraction
58
SNS vs PNS GIT Bladder sphincters
SNS L1 contraction PNS realxation
59
SNS vs PNS GIT secretion
SNS no effect PNS inc
60
SNS vs PNS Uterus
SNS contraction L1 relaxation B2
61
SNS vs PNS Sweat glands
SNS muscarinic inc
62
SNS vs PNS liver
SNS gluconeogenesis glycogenolysis L B2 PNS glycogenesis
63
SNS vs PNS Fat cells
SNS B1 lipolysis PNS no effect
64
Kidney SNS vs PNS
SNS B1 input to macula densa INC renin PNS no effect
65
Dorsal colum nuclei in thalamus
VPL likod
66
Trigeminal pathway
VPM mukha
67
Anterolateral pathway
VPI
68
Pain NT 2
Glutamate and Substance P
69
Fast pain fiber and NT
A delta Glutamate ventrobasal complex
70
Slow pain fiber and NT
Type C Substance P intralaminar nucleus of thalamus
71
Referred pain due to
sharing of 2nd order neurons in spinal cord of visceral and skin pain fibers
72
Flow of aqueous humor
Clilary body TO posterior chamber TO anterior chamber angle TO pupil TO anterior chamber TO trabecular meshwork TO canal of schlemm TO uveoscleral veins
73
most powerful structure of optical system
cornea
74
center of vision
fovea
75
enables lens to change shape
zonula
76
middle vascular layer
uvea
78
area without sensory cell
optic disc
79
first part of brain to receive visual input
optic chiasm
80
relay station of visual cortex
lateral geniculate body
81
keeps image focused on the retina
lens
82
BS to retina
choroid
83
where aqueous humor is produced
ciliary body
84
occupational exposure decibel
greater than 85dB for 8 hours a day 10 years
85
Ear pain and permanent damage
120 dB
86
Endolymph
scala MEDIA high K
87
Perilymph
scala VESTIBULI and TYMPANI high in Na
88
2 muscles of inner ear
Tensor tympany to malleus Stapedius to stapes
89
High frequency sound
hair cells at BASE of basilar membrane
90
Low frequency sound
hair cells at APEX of basilar membrane
91
Linear acceleration
Utricle and Saccule using MACULA as sensory organ
92
Angular acceleration
Semicircular canals Ant Post and Lat uses CRISTA AMPULARIS as sensor
93
Noxious stimuli path
unmyelinated C fibers CNV
94
Attachment of malleus and stapes
Malleus to tympanic membrane Stapes to oval window Incus attached to both
95
Most anterior part of retina where light passes first
ganglion layer
96
Sensory relay for axons of ganglion cells from eye
lateral geniculate body CNII
97
Sensory relay for auditory system
medial geniculate body
98
Concave lens DIVERGES or converges light
Concave diverge ConVEx conVErge
99
Hair cells inner before outer depolarization
K entry NOT Na entry like other cells
100
Photoreceptors when activated
HYPERpolarize rather than depolarize
101
Sensory relay for axons of ganglion cells from eye movement CN III IV VI
Medial longitudinal fasciculus
102
SV
EDV minus ESV or CO dvided by HR
103
Ejection fraction
SV divided by EDV N is 55 percent
104
Pulse pressure
Systole minus Diastole OR SV divided by complaince
105
CVP
MAP minus ICP
106
a wave
distal 1/3 of diastole . Time when atria contracts with slight inc in atrial pressure
107
c wave
isovolumetric contraction.Ventricles contracting with closed valves. High pressure in atria not yet overcome.
108
v wave
isovolumetric relaxation. Atrial filling.
109
PR interval
duration of AV node conduction N 0.20
110
QT interval
ventricular depolarization and repolarization
111
BP control excitatory
MedulLATEX lateral portion is excitatory
112
BP control inhibitory
Medulla medial portion is inhibitory
113
Membranous ossification
M for Mukha bones of face and calvarium. The rest is by endochondral ossification.
114
Several Parts Build a Diaphragm
1Septum transversum 2Pleuriperitoneal fold 3Body wall 4Dorsal mesentery of esophagus
115
CO formula
SVC x HR or MAP divided by TPR
116
Semilunar valves
Aortic and pulmonic valves
117
Anatomic location kidney
T12 to L3
118
Renal circulation
Renal artery to Segmental artery to Interlobar artery to Arcuate artery to Interlobular artery inlcuding cortical radial or radial artery to Afferent arteriole to Glomerular capillaries to Efferent arteriole to Peritubular capillaries or vasa recta to Interlobular vein to Arcuate vein to Interlobar vein to Segmental vein to Renal vein
119
EPO production
interstitial cells of the peritubilar capillaries
120
CO going into Kidney
22 percent
121
Normal GFR
125 ml per minute or 180 L per day but 20 percent lower in women
122
Dopamine effects
LOW inc renal blood flow without affecting gfr MED B1 effects High L1 effects
123
Elevated H levels effect on K and Ca
HYPERkalemia HYPERcalcemia
124
Thirst center
Anteroventral wall of the 3rd Ventricle AND Preoptic nuclei
125
Micturition center
Pons
126
pH compatible with life
6.8 to 8.0
127
Serum anion gap
2NA MINUS Cl plus HCO3 normal value 12 mas o menos 4
128
MUDPILES of high anion gap metabolic acidosis
Methanol Uremia DKA Paraldehyde Phenformin Iron tablets INH Lactic acidosis Ethylene glycol Salicylates or ASA
129
HARDUP of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis
Hyperalimentation Acetazolamide RTA Diarrhea Ureteroenteric fistula Pancreaticoduodenal fistula
130
Sites of production RBC fetal to adult 4 YOUNG LIVER SYNTHESIZES BLOOD
Yolk sac to Liver and Spleen to Bone marrow in sternum iliac ribs and vertebrae
131
RBC with nucleus
Orthochromatic erythroblast
132
Bleeding time
1 to 6 min
133
Clotting time
6 to 10 min
134
Prothrombi time tests
Extrinsic pathway N 12s
135
Lung volumes ITER
1Inspiratory reserve volume 2Tidal volume 3Expiratory reserve volume 4Residual volume
136
Lung capacities sum of 2 or more lung volumes
Inspiratory capacity Functional residual capacity vital capacity Total lung capacity
137
Minute respiratory volume
TV x RR
138
Alveolar ventilation per minute
RR x difference of Vt 500ml and physiologic dead space 150ml
139
Highest ventilation
Base
140
Highest perfusion
Base
141
Highest Ventilation Perfusion ratio
Apex
142
Carboxyhemoglobin
CO plus Hgb
143
Carbaminohemoglobin
CO2 plus Hgb
144
Haldane effeect
Inc O2 will cause CO2 to unload fr Hgb
145
Bohr effect
Inc Hydrogen ions will cause O2 to unload from Hgb
146
Center of respiration
Medulla DRG If exercising overdrive mechanism used VRG
147
Central chemoreceptors
Medulla
148
Modifies respiratory rhythm
Pons
149
Peripheral chemoreceptors of respiration
Carotid bodies CN IX Aortic bodies CN X activated P02 less than 70mmHg
150
Chief cells 2 kinds
1 PARATHYROID chief cells PTH 2 STOMACH chief cells Pepsinogen
151
Innervation of Parotid gland
CN 9
152
Innervation of Submandibular and Sublingual
CN 7
153
Bile pathway
Hepatocytes to Bile canaliculi to Interlobular septa to Terminal bile ducts to Hepatic duct to Common hepatic duct to Cystic duct to Gallbladder
154
Sperm formation
semineferous tubules
155
sperm motility
epididymis
156
sperm storage
vas deferens
157
secretion of fructose and prostaglandins
seminal vesicle
158
makes semen alkaline
prostate gland
159
Path of semen SEVEn UP
1 Seminiferous tubules 2 epididymis 3 vas deferens 4 ejaculatory ducts 5 Urethra 6 Penis
160
Where did the acrosome come from
Golgi body
161
where is the mitochondria of the sperm
in the body of TAIL
162
Activation of sperm happens when
it gets in contact with Female genital tract
163
Released in duodenum and jejunum by I cells
Cholecystokinin
Inc secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bicarbonate
Inhibit gastric emptying
164
Produced by S cells in duodenum. What is its function.
Secretin
Increase HCO3 secretion of pancrease and gallbladder
Decrease gastric secretion
165
Calcium absorption sites in kidney 3
1 proximal tubule - co transport with Na reabsorption
2 distal tubule - reabsorption controlled by parathyroid hormone
3 thick ascending loop of henle - Na/K/2Cl creates gradient for calcium reabsorption. Normally follows reabsorption of Na, K and Cl.
166
Action of prostaglandin on kidneys
Prostaglandin DILATE the afferent arteriole therefore
Increase RPF and Increse GFR
Note: NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin so decrease renal perfusion and GFR
167
Action of Angiotensin II on kidney
Constrics afferent < efferent arteriole with overall effect of DECrease RPF and INCrease GFR
168
What would increase renal blood flow
Stimulation of renal DOPAMINE and bradykinin receptors.
Both are vasodilators of the arterioles
169
Released in duodenum and jejunum by I cells
Cholecystokinin
Inc secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bicarbonate
Inhibit gastric emptying
170
Produced by S cells in duodenum. What is its function.
Secretin
Increase HCO3 secretion of pancrease and gallbladder
Decrease gastric secretion
171
Calcium absorption sites in kidney 3
1 proximal tubule - co transport with Na reabsorption
2 distal tubule - reabsorption controlled by parathyroid hormone
3 thick ascending loop of henle - Na/K/2Cl creates gradient for calcium reabsorption. Normally follows reabsorption of Na, K and Cl.
172
Action of prostaglandin on kidneys
Prostaglandin DILATE the afferent arteriole therefore
Increase RPF and Increse GFR
Note: NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin so decrease renal perfusion and GFR
173
Action of Angiotensin II on kidney
Constrics afferent < efferent arteriole with overall effect of DECrease RPF and INCrease GFR
174
What would increase renal blood flow
Stimulation of renal DOPAMINE and bradykinin receptors.
Both are vasodilators of the arterioles
