Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bio 121 > Plant Structure > Flashcards

Plant Structure Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Plant response to land

A 
Differentiation
Plasticity (change form and structure)
Acclimation
Adaptation
Modular indeterminant growth (can keep growing indefinitely)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Blade

A

Flat part of leaf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Petiole

A

Connection between leaf and stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Taproot

A

Main part of root
Extends downward into soil
Penetrates deeply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lateral roots

A

Extensions of main root

Extend outward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Node

A

Part of branch from which a leaf or a new stem can grow
Point at which leaf is attached to stem
Looks like a small bud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Internode

A

Stem segments between nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Axillary bud

A

Bud from which a branch can grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 main plant organs

A

Roots
Stem
Leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Adventitious roots

A

Roots that develop from stems or even leaves

Specialized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Root hairs

A

Absorption rather than anchorage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Prop roots

A

Soggy areas: extra support to prevent plant from falling over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Storage roots

A

Plants like beets use these for storage of food and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

“Strangling” aerial roots

A

Snakelike roots that wrap around host tree

Plant germinates in the branches of host tree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Buttress roots

A

Extend above soil, which is shallow

Give plant extra support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pneumatophores

A

Structures that grow up from water

Obtain oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Apical bud

A

Top budding of plant

If cut off, plant grows out instead of up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Rhizome

A

Horizontal shoot that grows just below the surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bulb

A

Vertical underground shoots consisting of enlarged bases of leaves that store food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Stolon

A

Horizontal shoots that grow along the surface

Reproduction: each outgoing can become new plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Tuber

A

Enlarged ends of rhizomes or stolons that store food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tendrils

A

Leaves that wrap around other things for support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Spines

A

Modified leaves found on desert plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Storage leaves

A

CAM plants

Adapted for storing water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Reproductive leaves
Maternity plant: each little leaf along big leaf can start a new plant (asexual reproduction)
26
Bracts
Brightly colored leaves found on poinsettias | Attract pollinators
27
3 plant tissue types
Ground Dermal Vascular
28
Ground tissue
Bulk of cells | Functions: photosynthesis, storage, support
29
Pith
Ground tissue that is internal to vascular tissue
30
Cortex
Ground tissue that is external to vascular tissue
31
Dermal tissue
Epidermal cells, periderm (bark), cuticle (waxy part) Functions: covers, protects, gas exchange Includes root hair, trichomes, and guard cells
32
Trichomes
Leaf hairs | Provide defense against insects
33
Guard cells
Surround stomata- allows CO2 to go into leaf
34
Vascular tissue
Xylem and phloem | Functions: transport and support
35
Xylem
``` Vascular tissue that transports H2O from roots to leaves Dead at maturity Secondary cell walls Ring or spiral pattern Pits/perforation plates ```
36
Phloem
Vascular tissue that transports sugar from leaves to roots
37
Stele
Vascular tissue of root or stem
38
Vascular bundles
Separate strands containing xylem and phloem | Comprise steles of stems and leaves
39
Meristem
Perpetually embryonic tissue | Stem cells: can grow into any part of plant
40
Apical meristem
``` Tips of roots and shoots Tissue types arise from specific regions Primary growth (elongation) ```
41
Protoderm
Meristem region that gives rise to epidermis
42
Procambium
Meristem region that gives rise to phloem/xylem
43
Ground meristem
Meristem region that gives rise to ground tissue
44
Lateral meristem
Secondary growth (thickening)
45
Vascular cambium
Adds secondary xylem and phloem- thickening
46
Root cap
Protects apical meristem as root pushes through soil | Located at bottom of root
47
Zone of cell division
Portion of root that contains apical meristem and its derivatives Area where new root cells are produced Located at bottom of root
48
Zone of elongation
Located at midsection of root | Area where growth occurs as root cells elongate
49
Zone of differentiation
Located at top of root Area where cells complete differentiation and become distinct cell types Xylem and phloem form
50
Secondary growth
Secondary phloem is added to the outside of the vascular cambium and the inside of the primary phloem Secondary xylem is added to the inside of the vascular cambium and the outside of the primary xylem
51
Vascular rays
Radial files of mostly parenchyma cells that connect the secondary xylem and phloem
52
Early wood
Wood that consists of secondary xylem cells with relatively large diameters and thin cell walls Maximizes delivery of water to new leaves
53
Late wood
Wood composed of thick walled cells | Don't transport as much water, but provide more support
54
Rings of trees
Layer of xylem | Show age of tree
55
Differences between eudicots and monocots
Roots: eudicot has xylem and phloem in the center; monocot has parenchyma in center Stems: eudicot's vascular bundles form a ring; monocot's vascular bundles are scattered throughout
56
Central vacuole
Storage compartments of plant cells
57
Plasmodesmata
Channels connecting each plant cell to its neighbor
58
3 plant cell types
Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma
59
Parenchyma
``` Least specialized of plant cell types Thin primary cell wall (no secondary) Large vacuole Photosynthesis and storage Phloem= specialized example of cell type ```
60
Collenchyma
"Strands"- celery Thickened primary walls (no secondary or lignin) Support for growing tissues
61
Sclerenchyma
``` Thickened secondary wall Lignin- hard, rigid polymer Cells are dead upon plant maturation Fibers (hemp) Sclerids (nut shells, gritty parts of pears) Xylem- specialized example of cell type ```
62
Tracheids
Type of xylem Tapered, elongated cells Found in angiosperms and gymnosperms
63
Vessels
Type of xylem Long tubes that grow end-to-end Good at conducting water Found in angiosperms only
64
Sieve tubes
Long tubes in phloem of angiosperms through which nutrients are transported
65
Sieve plates
End walls between sieve tubes | Have pores that facilitate the flow of fluid from one tube to another
66
Companion cells
Connected to sieve tubes by plasmodesmata | Assist functions of sieve tubes
67
Layers of leaf
Upper epidermis Palisade mesophyll (columnar and stacked side by side) Spongy mesophyll (scattered throughout) Lower epidermis

Bio 121 (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions