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Food animal production > Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) > Flashcards

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) Flashcards

1
Q

What causes PRRS?

A

an arteriveridae?

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2
Q

What are the clinical properties of arteriveridae?

A
  1. can cause asymptomatic persistent infections
  2. can cause severe fatal dz
  3. replicate in macrophages
  4. MUTATES
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3
Q

What are PRRS virus preferred macrophages to infect?

A

those in the lung and maternal fetal interface

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4
Q

What are the features of PRRSV?ble

A
  1. unstable
  2. strain variation
  3. variation in virulence
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5
Q

What are the major subtypes of PRRSV?

A

Type 1
Type 2
High path PRRSV

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6
Q

What is the epidemiology of PRRS?

A
  1. highly infectious
  2. not highly contagious
  3. persistent (>100d carrier state)
  4. not fully cross-protective across stains
  5. subclinical endemic infection common (low virluence in w. canada)
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7
Q

How is environmental survival of PRRSV?

A
  1. poor off host

2. susceptible to drying, disinfection etc

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8
Q

How is PRRSV transmitted?

A
  1. vertical (semen, transplacental)
  2. horizontal (pig to pig, dam to piglet)
  3. fomites
  4. aerosol–prevalent in hog dense regions
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9
Q

What is the pathogenesis of PRRS?

A
  1. replication in lymphoid tissues
  2. prolonged viremia—>persistent infection
  3. predelication for pulmonary alveolar macrophages and pulmonary intravascular macrophages
  4. intersitial pneumoniae
  5. cross placenta in late gestation (>d 70). fetal death
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10
Q

What are the clinical reproductive signs of PRRS

A
  1. In the pregnant sows can have anorexia, fever, mortality if virulent but more often SUBCLINICAL early farrowing
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11
Q

What are the features of the piglets that are born in premature farrowings due to PRRS?

A
  1. weak, liveborn
  2. persistently viremic
  3. neonatal scours (nonresponsive to antimicobials)
  4. elevated preweaning portality
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12
Q

What are the respiratory clinical signs of PRRS?

A
  1. dypsnea (thumping)
  2. cyanosis of extremities
  3. minimal coughing if pure PRRS
  4. immunosuppression
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13
Q

What are the clinical signs of high fever disease (high path PRRS)

A
  1. high fever
  2. blotchy congestion skin
  3. abortions
  4. high case fatality rate
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14
Q

What is the pathology of high fever disease (high path PRRS)

A

wide spread hemorrhages and edema, diffuse petechiation, splenic infarcts mixed infections

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15
Q

What is the etiology of high fever disease?

A

high path PRRSV

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16
Q

What is the pathology of PRRS?

A
  1. non-suppurative interstitial pneumonia
  2. systemic vasculitis
  3. lymphadenopathy
17
Q

How is PRRS diagnosed?

A

IHC–antigen
PCR
sequencing/RFLP
Antibodies

18
Q

What is the timeline of antibody response to PRRS?

A
  1. IgM positive 5-14d (recent infection)
  2. IgG positive 10-14d (exposure last 1-2 mo)
  3. SN serum neutralization–positive within 28d (correlated with clearance
19
Q

What does serum neutralization detect?

A

neutralizing antibody

correlated with viral clearance but not required for protection

20
Q

How can you monitor for PRRS?

A
  1. oral fluids

2. Studs: ELISA serology, PRRS PCR on semen or blood

21
Q

How is PRRS treated and controlled?

A
  1. treat affected individuals (anti-inflam, secondary infection)
  2. vaccination
22
Q

What vaccines should be used for PRRS?

A
  1. attenuated live
    (NOT killed)
    3 types
    prior to breeding/during lactation, in progeny 3-6wk
23
Q

Who are the PRRS vaccinations NOT licenced for?

A

boars or pregnant sow

24
Q

How is herd elimination of PRRS performed?

A
  1. mass immunization or mass eposure–sterilizing immunity and cessation of ongoing vertical transmission
    =breeding herd stablization
    *using homologous strain to that present on farm
25
Q

What is serum innoculation (PRRSV)

A

it is a high risk procedure that involves inoculating the breeding herd with live VIRULENT PRRS

26
Q

What are the steps of serum inoculation (herd elimination of PRRSV)

A
  1. remove NGF population
  2. load and close herd
  3. expose animals
  4. impliment McRebel
  5. test pigs at weaning (PCR)
  6. restock NGF when consistently negative
  7. sentinel gilts
  8. open herd
27
Q

What is McRebel?

A 
good managemnet procedures:
max passive immunity
euthanize fall behinds
don't move piglets between rooms
euthanaize pigs that are very sick
dn;t feed back repro tissue to sows before farrowing
all in all out
28
Q

What is the issue with regonal control of PRRSV?

A

it is not easily kept out of non-infected farms

29
Q

How do you prevent PRRSV entry onto naive farms?

A
  1. live animal quarantine and test
  2. test semen
  3. transport and wash protocols
  4. wash fomites
  5. no use of MLV vaccine
  6. farm location
  7. visitation
  8. air filtration! (esp hog dense area)
30
Q

What is an issue with regional elimination of PRRS?

A

if it gets into the farm then it causes a disaster

Food animal production (21 decks)

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