Flashcards in PSL301: Respiratory 2 Deck (72)
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1
Tachypnea
rapid breathing
2
Tachycardia
rapid heart rate
3
Cyanosis
Person turns blue, especially under the nails
4
Trachypnea, tachycardia, grunting when expiring, and cyanosis are symptoms of...
Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
5
Treatment for respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
Artificial surfactants
Respirator
6
Boyle's Law
P1V1 = P2V2
7
relationship between pressure and volume
Inversely proportional
8
How does air get into lungs?
Diaphragm contracts, increasing thoracic volume = decreasing thoracic pressure.
Atm pressure > alveolar pressure
Air flow down pressure gradient
9
How does air get out of the lungs?
Diaphragm relaxes, decreasing thoracic volume = increasing thoracic pressure.
Atm pressure < alveolar pressure
Air flow down pressure gradient
10
Diaphragm is controlled by __ nerve
phrenic nerve
11
Where is the phrenic nerve located?
spinal segments C3, C4, C5
12
Scalenes are attached to the...
first 2 ribs
13
sternocleidomastoids are attached to the...
sternum
14
Inspiratory muscles consist of...
external intercostals
sternocleidomastoids
scalenes
15
The rib cage can increase in dimension in 2 ways
1. anterior-posterior (pump handle)
2. lateral (bucket handle)
16
When are expiratory muscles used?
- voluntary expiration
- fast breathing frequency
17
Internal intercostals effect on rib cage during expiration
contract -> force rib cage inwards
18
Abdominal muscles effect on rib cage during expiration
contract -> force rib cage inward & force abdomen into thoracic cavity to decrease lung volume
19
How does the movement of diaphragm and rib cage affect the lungs when they are not attached to the thoracic wall?
Fluid in pleural cavity has enough surface tension, and act as glue
20
Intrapleural pressure
Pressure in pleural cavity
21
Intrapleural pressure is always POSITIVE / NEGATIVE with respect to atm pressure and alveolar pressure
negative
22
Volume of pleural cavity
15 mL
23
The inner membrane of the pleura is called...
visceral pleura
24
The outer membrane of the pleura is called...
Parietal pleura
25
Are expiratory muscles normally used?
No, expiration is usually a passive process
26
What creates the intrapleural pressure?
The opposing forces between the chest wanting to expand and the lungs wanting to collapse
27
___ of the chest wall tries to pull chest outwards
elastic recoil
28
____ of the lungs creates an inward pull
elastic recoil
29
Pneumothorax
Collapsed lung
Puncture in the intrapleural cavity makes it atm = no more glue
chest and lungs do whatever they want:
chest expand out
lungs collapse in
30
