PSYCH Exam 4

Question 1

Marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior

Answer 1

Psychological Disorders

Question 2

Disturbed or dysfunctional thoughts, emotions, or behaviors are maladaptive.

Answer 2

Psychological Disorders

Answer 3

biopsychosocial approach

Answer 4

The medical model - 1900s

Answer 5

The moral treatment movement - late 1700s

Question 6

______ Influences in Psychological Disorders:
- Evolution
- Individual genes
- Brain structure and chemistry

Answer 6

Biological

Question 7

_______ Influences in Psychological Disorders:
- Stress
- Trauma
- Learned helplessness
- Mood-related perceptions and memories

Answer 7

Psychological

Question 8

_______ Influences in Psychological Influences:
- Roles
- Expectations
- Definitions of normality and disorder

Answer 8

Socio-cultural

Question 9

• Predicts the disorder’s future course
• Suggests appropriate treatment
• Prompts research into its causes

Answer 9

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - 5th Edition

Question 10

Changes in ______:
- Some label changes:
- Autism Spectrum Disorder

Answer 10

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition

Question 11

New or altered diagnoses in ________:
- Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
- Hoarding Disorder
- Binge Eating Disorder

Answer 11

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition

Question 12

-

Answer 12

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition

Question 13

• Affects 1 million people worldwide
• Higher risk with diagnosis of depression but may occur with rebound
• More likely to occur when people feel disconnected from or as if they are a burden to others

Answer 13

Suicide

Question 14

Why do people commit Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) to themselves?

Question 15

Research of _______ shows:
- National differences
- Racial differences
- Gender differences
- Age differences and trends
- Other group differences
- Missouri and Connecticut
- Day-of-the-week differences

Answer 15

Suicide and Self-Injury

Question 16

Mental disorders _______ lead to violence, and clinical prediction of violence is unreliable

Answer 16

seldom

Question 17

Most people with disorders are _______ and are more likely to be victims than attackers.

Answer 17

nonviolent

Question 18

True or False:
Disorder equals danger.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

________ is a risk factor of Psychological disorders

Answer 19

Poverty

Question 20

Marked by distressing, persistent anxiety, or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

Answer 20

Anxiety disorders

Question 21

Person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.

Answer 21

Generalized anxiety disorder

Question 22

Person experiences sudden episodes of intense dread and often lives in fear of when the next attack might strike.

Answer 22

Panic Disorder

Question 23

Person experiences a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation.

Answer 23

Phobia

Question 24

Characterized by:
- obsessions
- compulsions

Answer 24

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Question 25

Characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia lingering for 4 weeks or more after a traumatic experience

Answer 25

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Question 26

_________ often affects: - Veterans - Survivors of accidents & disasters - Survivors of violent and sexual assaults - Women are at higher risk.

Answer 26

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Question 27

A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause

Answer 27

Somatic symptom disorder

Question 28

A disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease (formerly called hypochondriasis)

Answer 28

Illness anxiety disorder

Answer 29

Major depressive disorder

Question 30

Person experiences mildly depressed mood more often than not for at least 2 years, along with at least two other symptoms.

Answer 30

Persistent depressive disorder

Answer 31

Seasonal pattern

Answer 32

Biological purpose

Question 33

Disorder in which a person alternates between: - Depression - Mania Less common; more dysfunctional - Potent predictor of suicide

Answer 33

Bipolar disorder

Question 34

1. Stressful Experiences 2. Negative Explanatory style 3. Depressed mood 4. Cognitive and behavioral changes

Answer 34

The Vicious Cycle of Depressed Thinking

Question 35

The DSM-5 Criteria for _____: - Presence of delusions - Hallucinations - Disorganized thinking - Grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior - Negative symptoms, such as reduced emotional expression

Answer 35

Schizophrenia

Question 36

- Late adolescence or early adulthood - As people age, psychotic episodes last longer, and recovery periods shorten.

Answer 36

Chronic schizophrenia (process schizophrenia)

Question 37

- Can begin at any age - Often a response to an emotionally traumatic event - Has extended recovery periods

Answer 37

Acute schizophrenia (reactive schizophrenia)

Question 38

Brain abnormalities with _______: - Brain chemistry - Abnormal brain activity and anatomy

Answer 38

Schizophrenia

Question 39

Prenatal environment and risk of ______: - Low birth weight - Lack of oxygen during delivery - Maternal prenatal nutrition - Older paternal age - Midpregnancy viral infection (e.g., flu, dense population, season of birth)

Answer 39

Schizophrenia

Question 40

Genetic factors with ________: - Odds of being diagnosed are nearly 1 in 100 - Family member - Identical twin - Epigenetic factors influence gene expression.

Answer 40

Schizophrenia

Question 41

Diagnostic Criteria for _____: - Disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personalities. - Recurrent gaps in the recall of everyday events, important personal info, and traumatic events. - The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment.

Answer 41

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Question 42

- Disruptive, inflexible, and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning - Disorder forms three clusters, characterized by: - Anxiety - Eccentric or odd behaviors - Dramatic or impulsive behaviors

Answer 42

Personality Disorders

Question 43

The DSM-5 for _______: A. A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, occurring since 15 yrs old. 1. Failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors. 2. Deceitfulness 3. Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead 4. Irritability and aggressiveness 5. Reckless disregard for the safety of self or others. 6. Consistent irresponsibility 7. Lack of remorse

Answer 43

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Question 44

Forms of _____: - Anorexia nervosa - Bulimia nervosa - Binge-eating disorder - Family/Culture impact

Answer 44

Eating Disorders

Question 45

_______ disorders - Intellectual Disability - Autism Spectrum Disorder - Attention - Deficit/Hyperactivity - Disorder

Answer 45

Neurodevelopmental

Question 45

A psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity - Rates - Other countries versus US - Boys versus Girls - Treatment - Varies by age

Answer 45

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Question 45

A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by: - IQ score - Difficulty adapting to life’s demands

Answer 45

Intellectual disability

Question 46

- Appears in childhood - Marked by significant limitations in: - communication - social interaction - rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors

Answer 46

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Question 47

- Hope for demoralized people - New perspective for oneself and the world - Empathic, trusting, caring relationship (therapeutic alliance)

Answer 47

Three basic benefits for all psychotherapies

Question 48

A person seeking _______ is encouraged to ask about: - Treatment approach - Values - Credentials - Fees

Answer 48

therapy

Question 49

used to evaluate drug effectiveness

Answer 49

Placebo and double-blind techniques

Question 50

Study of drug effects on mind and behavior

Answer 50

Psychopharmacology

Question 51

- Mimic certain neurotransmitters reduce overreaction to irrelevant stimuli - Side effects - Pair with life-skills programs and family support to treat schizophrenia

Answer 51

Antipsychotic drugs

Question 52

- Depress CNS activity - Xanax, Ativan - Used in combination with psychological therapy- Possible problems

Answer 52

Antianxiety drugs

Question 53

- Increase availability of norepinephrine or serotonin - Promote birth of new brain cells - Ex. Prozac, Cymbalta Effectiveness

Answer 53

Antidepressant drugs

Question 54

Controls manic episodes

Answer 54

Depakote

Question 55

Levels out the emotional highs and lows of bipolar disorder

Answer 55

Lithium

Question 56

Depakote and Lithium are ________.

Answer 56

Mood-stabilizing medications

Question 57

- Manipulates the brain by shocking it - Anesthesia and muscle relaxant - Effectiveness

Answer 57

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Question 58

Administers a weak (1- to 2-milliamp) current directly to the scalp

Answer 58

Transcranial electrical stimulation (tDCS)

Question 59

Sends magnetic energy to brain surface through coiled - wire held close to brain - fewer side effects - modest effectiveness

Answer 59

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

Question 60

Manipulates the depressed brain via pacemaker - stimulates inhibition activity related to negative emotions and thoughts

Answer 60

Deep brain stimulation

Question 61

- Removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior - Is irreversible

Answer 61

Psychosurgery

Question 62

- uncontrollably emotional or violent patients - Cuts the nerves

Answer 62

Lobotomy

Question 63

The treatment of depression with ECT best illustrates _____

Answer 63

Biomedical therapy

Question 64

Even when raised apart, identical twins may develop similar phobias. This illustrates the impact of _____

Answer 64

Genetic influences

Question 65

Drugs that block ____ receptors often lessen the positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 65

dopamine

Question 66

A person who engages in excessive skin-picking would be diagnosed with ____

Answer 66

excoriation disorder

Question 67

T or F: Having a low birth weight is NOT a prenatal influence that could be associated with the symptoms of schizophrenia.

Answer 67

False

Question 68

Such behaviors as burning one's skin, hitting oneself, or inserting objects under one's skin are examples of ______>

Answer 68

Non suicidal self-injury

Question 69

To treat Ernie's vaping, his therapist shocks his leg every time he picks up his e-cig. This best illustrates ______.

Answer 69

aversive conditioning

Question 70

The repeated association of pleasant, relaxing states with stimuli that arose fear is a central feature of ______.

Answer 70

systematic desensitization

Question 71

T or F: ADHD is most clearly characterized by low intelligence.

Answer 71

False

Question 72

Because he didn't study for his test, Tom assumed he'd fail and lose his scholarship. These conclusions best illustrate _____.

Answer 72

catastrophizing

Question 73

T or F: Today's psychologists assume that disordered behavior is influenced by social circumstances.

Answer 73

True

Question 74

Bob experiences antisocial personality disorder. At what age did he likely first show symptoms?

Answer 74

8