Psychology Exam 1 Part 2

Question 1

retrieving previously learned info. without any cues provided

Answer 1

recall

Question 2

identifying previously learned info. after cues are
provided

Answer 2

recognition

Question 3

assessing if less time is needed previously learned info

Answer 3

relearning

Question 4

What is this an example of?

Multiple choice tests

Answer 4

Recognition

Question 5

What is this an example of?

Fill-in-the-blank test

Answer 5

Recall

Question 6

The three stage model of memory includes:

Answer 6

Encoding, storage, retrieval

Question 7

immediate, brief recording of sensory info

Answer 7

sensory memory

Question 8

brief visual (photographic) memory

Answer 8

iconic memory

Question 9

brief auditory memory

Answer 9

echoic memory

Question 10

briefly holds few items of info. before they’re
stored or forgotten

Answer 10

short-term memory

Question 11

limited capacity: 7 ± 2 pieces of info

Answer 11

short-term memory

Question 12

active processing of sensory info. & info. from LTM

Answer 12

working memory

Question 13

capacity influenced by executive attention
(ability to maintain attention while avoiding distractions)

Answer 13

working memory

Question 14

facts & experiences one
consciously knows & can declare

Answer 14

explicit memories (declarative)

Question 15

Procedural and associations are what type of memories?

Answer 15

Implicit

Question 16

Learned skills/classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection.

Answer 16

Implicit memories (nondeclarative)

Question 17

unconscious encoding of incidental (e.g.,
space, time, frequency) & well-learned info. (e.g., word meanings).

Answer 17

automatic processing

Question 18

conscious attention & effort

Answer 18

effortful processing

Question 19

organization of items into familiar, manageable units

Answer 19

chunking

Question 20

What is this an example of?

4408675309
(440) 867-5309

Answer 20

chunking

Question 21

memory aids, especially techniques that use vivid imagery
and organizational devices

Answer 21

mnemonics

Question 22

What is this an example of?
(PEMDAS)
Please
Excuse
My
Dear
Aunt
Sally

Answer 22

mnemonics

Question 23

organization of items into few broad categories that
are divided & subdivided into narrower concepts & facts

Answer 23

hierarchies

Question 24

encoding more
effective when spread
over time

Answer 24

spacing effect

Question 25

produces speedy short -term learning & feelings of confidence

Answer 25

massed practice

Question 26

produces better long term recall

Answer 26

distributed practice

Question 27

enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading information

Answer 27

testing effect

Question 28

mixing multiple subjects or topics while studying leads to better retention & performance

Answer 28

interleaving

Question 29

we tend to remember info. better when it’s somehow related to us.

Answer 29

self-reference effect

Question 30

relatively permanent / limitless archive of memory system (i.e., knowledge, skills, experience)

Answer 30

long-term memory

Question 31

↑ in a neuron’s firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation

Answer 31

long-term potentiation (LTP)

Question 31

Responsible for retrieval

Answer 31

frontal lobes

Question 32

Responsible for storage

Answer 32

hippocampus

Question 33

What is massed practice also known as?

Answer 33

cramming

Question 34

What is this an example of? We're more likely to remember people who share our name & birthdays that are near ours.

Answer 34

self-reference effect

Question 35

If the basal ganglia is not functioning they cannot form new ________________________ (riding a bike)

Answer 35

physical/functioning skills

Question 36

Failure to notice contributes to ___

Answer 36

memory failure

Question 37

Encoding failure leads to _________

Answer 37

forgetting

Question 38

Older memories make it more difficult to remember new info (forgetting your new password after you change it)

Answer 38

proactive interference

Question 39

New learning disrupts memory for older information (forgetting how to write in MLA after learning APA)

Answer 39

retroactive interference

Question 40

According to Freud, we avoid remembering painful or anxiety producing memories.

Answer 40

Repression

Question 41

inability to retrieve information from one's past (can't remember the past)

Answer 41

retrograde amnesia

Question 42

Progressive degenerative brain disorder causes profound memory loss

Answer 42

Alzheimer's Disease

Question 43

facts & general knowledge

Answer 43

semantic

Question 44

personally experienced events

Answer 44

episodic

Question 45

knowledge of how to perform certain tasks or motor skills

Answer 45

procedural

Question 46

classically conditioned responses (reflexes & attitudes)

Answer 46

associations

Question 47

semantic and episodic memories are _____ and are located in the ____ ____ and ______

Answer 47

explicit; frontal lobes and hippocampus

Question 48

procedural and associations are ____ and are located in _______ and _____ _____

Answer 48

implicit; cerebellum and basal ganglia

Question 49

memories created by classical conditioning

Answer 49

cerebellum

Question 50

memories of physical / procedural skills

Answer 50

basal ganglia

Question 51

clear, vivid memory of an emotionally significant moment or event (relies on amygdala)

Answer 51

flashbulb memories

Question 52

associations formed with target info. that aid in accessing it

Answer 52

retrieval cues

Question 53

activation (often unconsciously) of particular associations in memory

Answer 53

priming

Question 54

cues & contexts specific to a particular memory are most effective in helping recall

Answer 54

encoding specificity principle

Question 55

tendency to better recall events consistent with current body / mental state

Answer 55

state-dependent memory

Question 56

tendency to best recall the last (recency effect) & first (primacy effect) items in a list

Answer 56

serial position effect

Question 57

can’t remember a memory that isn’t there

Answer 57

encoding failure

Question 58

sometimes stored info. can’t be accessed

Answer 58

retrieval failure

Question 59

: temporary inability to retrieve specific info

Answer 59

blocking

Question 60

Short term memory is _________ capacity.

Answer 60

limited

Question 61

What is this an example of? Random facts (e.g., O stands for Oxygen on the periodic table)

Answer 61

Semantic

Question 62

What is this an example of? A dog biting you or a your first kiss

Answer 62

Episodic

Question 63

memory consolidation also involves _____

Answer 63

sleep

Question 64

exemplified by “tip-of-the-tongue” phenomenon

Answer 64

blocking

Question 65

involves a loss of memory from long-term stores

Answer 65

storage decay

Question 66

When we are forgetting things it's a steep drop off then slows.

Answer 66

Forgetting Curve

Question 67

memories interfere with retrieval of other memories

Answer 67

interference

Question 68

involves loss of memory, often due to brain injury, trauma, or disease

Answer 68

amnesia

Question 69

inability to remember events in first few yrs. of life (generally 0-3 yrs. old)

Answer 69

infantile amnesia

Question 70

inability to form new memories

Answer 70

anterograde amnesia

Question 71

a process in which previously stored memories, when retrieved, are potentially altered before being stored again

Answer 71

reconsolidation

Question 72

: stores encoded information to be retrieved later. * semantic

Answer 72

reproductive memory

Question 73

uses stored information to construct a belief about an experience. * episodic

Answer 73

reconstructive memory

Question 74

continued reproduction of an image, idea, memory, over time; many times, by different people.

Answer 74

serial reproduction

Question 75

a memory is corrupted by misleading info

Answer 75

misinformation effect

Question 76

repeatedly imagining fake actions/events can create false memories

Answer 76

imagination inflation

Question 77

faulty memory for how, when, or where info. was learned

Answer 77

source amnesia

Question 78

eerie sense that “I’ve experienced this before” * cues from current situation may unconsciously trigger retrieval of earlier experience

Answer 78

déjà vu

Question 79

focused on: A) are early childhood memories of abuse repressed? & b) Can they be recovered?

Answer 79

Recovered Memory Controversy

Question 80

* viewing time during crime: longer time = better identification * delay between viewing crime & witnessing: longer delay = worse identification * stress during viewing crime: high stress = worse identification * race of perpetrator & eyewitness: same race = better identification * cross-race effect: people are better at recognizing faces from their own, relative to other races.

Answer 80

What influences reliability of eyewitness identification