Psychology Quiz 6 Flashcards
(141 cards)
1
Q
Sits between the lower brain & fore-brain
A
Limbic System
2
Q
linked to emotions, memory, & drives fear
A
Limbic System
3
Q
The Limbic System includes:
A
hippocampus
amygdala
hypothalamus
4
Q
plays a role in processing & expressing emotion, (particularly fear & aggression)
A
amygdala
5
Q
Case Study in _________ Link: Charles Whitman
A
Amygdala-Aggression
6
Q
If stimulated results in intense changes in facial expressions
A
amygdala
7
Q
If stimulated might result in an increase in anger or fear.
A
amygdala
8
Q
If damaged inability to recognize emotions and emotional significance of events.
A
amygdala
9
Q
Kluver-Bury Syndrome is a result of a damaged _____.
A
amygdala
10
Q
What is this an example of?
A woman was walking through the park late at night and was robbed. The next day she goes back to the same place she was robbed and walks again.
A
Damaged amygdala
11
Q
controls endocrine system via pituitary gland
A
hypothalamus
12
Q
coordinates body maintenance (e.g., appetite, sex drive, temperature of body)
A
hypothalamus
13
Q
linked to emotion & reward seeking
A
hypothalamus
14
Q
linked to the 4 F’s
Fighting/Fleeing
Feeding
Fornication
Freezing
A
hypothalamus
15
Q
processes explicit memories & spatial navigation
A
hippocampus
16
Q
decreases in size & function with age
A
hippocampus
17
Q
Consists of 4 different lobes
A
Cerebral Cortex
18
Q
What lobes are located in the Cerebral Cortex?
A
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
19
Q
Responsible for intelligence, personality, voluntary muscles
A
frontal
20
Q
Responsible for spatial location, attention, motor control
A
parietal
21
Q
Responsible for vision
A
occipital
22
Q
Responsible for hearing, language, memory
A
temporal
23
Q
specific body part associated with specific brain area
A
point-to-point mapping
24
Q
________ for somatosensory (parietal) & motor (frontal) cortex
A
point-to-point mapping
25
somatosensory cortex and motor cortex are forms of ________
point-to-point mapping
26
left side controls the body’s right side (& vice versa)
motor cortex
27
left side gets input from the body’s right side (& vice versa)
somatosensory cortex
28
body sensations & touch
somatosensory cortex
29
voluntary movement
motor cortex
30
play a role in higher mental functions
association areas
31
75% of cortex
association areas
32
e.g., learning, remembering, thinking, speaking, linking emotion to sensations, etc.
association areas
33
judgment, self-control, planning, processing new memories
frontal lobe areas
34
damage to different _______ results in different losses
association areas
35
More _______ areas take up more space.
sensitive
36
brain area involved in planning & self-control
left prefrontal cortex
37
Brain damage effects depends on ______ & ___
severity & age
38
________ may occur after serious damage (esp. in kids), but some functions seem assigned to specific areas.
Plasticity
39
What is this an example of?
blindness/deafness frees up unused brain areas
up for other uses
Plasticity
40
helps rewire the brain & improve dexterity of people with brain damage.
Constraint-induced therapy
41
The whole left-brain = analytical & right-brain = creative thing is a ______.
myth
42
verbal processing, speech, grammar
left hemisphere
43
speech production
Broca’s Area
44
If _______ is damaged people can still understand speech but cannot produce it.
Broca’s Area
45
speech comprehension
Wernicke’s Area
46
If ______ is damaged people can still speak fluently, but their words don't make sense and they cannot understand speech.
Wernicke’s Area
47
making inferences, self-awareness, modulating speech
right hemisphere
48
If _______ is damaged you might not know that you can't move the left side of your body.
right hemisphere
49
neural fibers connecting brain hemispheres
Corpus callosum
50
When _____ hemispheres quickly share info. & coordinate activity
intact
51
When ______ info. sharing does not take place.
severed
52
hemispheres operate independently with no “cross-talk”
split brain
syndrome
53
subjective awareness of self & our environment
Consciousness
54
_______ occur spontaneously
Altered states of consciousness
55
What is this an example of?
Daydreaming
Altered states of consciousness
56
______ are induced physiologically (e.g., hallucinations) & psychologically (e.g., meditation & hypnosis)
Altered states of consciousness
57
______ scans sometimes show similar brain activity in conscious individuals & noncommunicative patients
fMRI
58
Attention is a ___________
limited resource
59
focusing on specific features in environment while (& ignoring other aspects)
selective attention
60
can have major consequences…
selective attention
61
What is this an example of?
(Cocktail Party Effect): You're at a party and only paying attention to the person talking to you; when all of a sudden you hear someone say your name and it grabs your attention.
selective attention
62
failure to notice clearly visible events or objects when attention is directed elsewhere
inattentional blindness
63
What is this an example of?
e.g., (invisible gorilla study): You are focusing on the people with white shirts and counting the number of times they pass the ball. While doing this a gorilla walks past the screen but since you were paying attention to something else you didn't notice the gorilla.
inattentional blindness
64
failure to notice changes in the environment
change blindness
65
What is this an example of?
You fail to notice that your mom got a haircut.
change blindness
66
information often simultaneously processed on separate conscious & unconscious tracks
dual processing
67
condition where a blind person can respond to a visual stimulus without having a conscious awareness of the stimulus
blindsight
awareness
68
What is this an example of?
blindsight awareness
dual processing
69
What is this an example of?
parallel processing & sequential processing
dual processing
70
simultaneously processing many aspects of a situation
parallel processing
71
used for routine &/or well-learned tasks
parallel processing
72
What is this an example of?
Moving on 'autopilot'
parallel processing
73
processing one aspect of a situation/problem at a time
sequential processing
74
used for new info. &/or difficult tasks
sequential processing
75
What is this an example of?
Processing used when taking an exam or learning how to knit.
sequential processing
76
Consciousness follows a cycle known as ___________.
circadian rhythm
77
internal biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle
circadian rhythm
78
differs based on genes experience, and age
circadian rhythm
79
regulates circadian rhythms by sending signals to the pineal gland
suprachiasmatic nucleus
80
located in the hypothalamus
suprachiasmatic nucleus
81
which releases melatonin in response to darkness
pineal gland
82
______ suppresses the release of melatonin.
Light
83
______ from phones can act like 'light' suppressing the release of melatonin.
Blue light
84
periodic, natural loss of consciousness as the body rests
sleep
85
characterized by distinct stages & brain wave activity
sleep
86
activity of thousands of neurons
brain waves
87
number of up & down cycles
frequency
88
height/depth of up & down cycles
amplitude
89
alert & awake; you have relatively low/small amplitude, but frequency is fast
beta waves
90
relatively slow; relaxed & awake; waves are synchronized, and amplitude is high (meditation)
alpha waves
91
brief; hallucinations (first stage, is brief, and you are starting to fall asleep)
NREM-1
92
What stage of sleep does this occur?
Hypnagogic sensation
NREM-1
93
Feeling of falling when about to fall asleep causing a body jerk.
Hypnagogic sensation
94
transition to deep sleep; sleep spindles; transition to deep sleep
NREM-2
95
bursts of big brain waves that aid in processing memories
sleep spindles
96
deep sleep, brain is refreshing/washing itself, and aids in memory
NREM-3
97
Slow big waves that occur during NREM-3.
delta waves
98
most vivid dreams; muscles relaxed but other body systems active, brain waves are distinct
REM (Rapid Eye Movement)
99
REM is also known as _____
paradoxical sleep
100
brain seems like it is awake but you are asleep
paradoxical sleep
101
Multiple sleep cycles per night (young adults: ~___-min. cycles)
90
102
Why do we sleep? – 5 potential reasons
Protection, restoration, growth (esp. in babies), memory consolidation, and creative thinking
103
______ sleep the MOST
Babies
104
The ______ you are the less sleep you get.
older
105
healthy adults: ______ hrs. a night
7-8
106
young adults: ______ hrs. a night
7-9
107
hunter-gatherers get ______ hrs
6.5 - 8.5
108
After several 5-hr. sleep nights, we accumulate “_________”
sleep debt
109
Can’t be caught up by one long night of sleep
sleep debt
110
after sleep deprivation, ↑ duration of REM sleep
REM rebound
111
causes fatigue & irritability
sleep deprivation
112
impairs concentration, productivity, & memory consolidation
sleep deprivation
113
linked to depression, obesity, & suppressed immune system
sleep deprivation
114
_______ & ______ related to academic performance, well-being, mood, & self-control
sleep quality & quantity
115
ongoing difficulty falling or staying asleep
insomnia
116
criteria for a _______:
significant daytime impairment / distress
occurs at least 3x a week per 1 month
disorder
117
older age; being ♀are risk factors for ______
insomnia
118
decline in mental & physical health problems with social functioning are effects of ______
insomnia
119
neurological disorder impacting brain’s ability to control sleep-wake cycles
narcolepsy
120
persistent sleepiness during day; sudden onset of sleepiness/sleep
narcolepsy
121
genetic predispositions; immune system abnormalities are risk factors of _______
narcolepsy
122
reduces quality of life & can restrict career choice are effects of ______
narcolepsy
123
stopping breathing repeatedly while sleeping
sleep apnea
124
older age; obesity (esp. in ♂) are risk factors of _______
sleep apnea
125
The effects of ________ are fatigue, depression, & obesity; may be cause & effect
sleep apnea
126
engaging in normal activity while asleep
sleep walking
127
awakening terrified from deep sleep
night terrors
128
Sleep walking and night terrors occur during NREM-____
3
129
dreams provide psychic “safety valve”
wish-fulfillment
130
(story line) is a censored version of latent content (underlying meaning that gratifies unconscious wishes)
manifest content
131
(Cognitive Explanation) dreams help sort out the day’s events & consolidate them in memory
information processing hypothesis
132
brain stimulation during REM helps develop & preserve neural pathways
Physiological Explanations
133
activation-synthesis hypothesis is a ________ explanation
Physiological Explanations
134
REM triggers neural activity, which evokes random visual memories the sleeping brain weaves into stories
activation-synthesis hypothesis
135
Wish-fulfilment is a ________ explanation.
Psychodynamic Explanation (Freud)
136
Manifest content is a ______ explanation.
Psychodynamic Explanation (Freud)
137
usually ordinary events/everyday experiences; most dreams involve some anxiety or misfortune.
What we dream
138
incorporating prior days’ experience are most common in _______
dreams
139
with negative event/emotion: 8 in 10 dreams
dreams
140
with sexual imagery:
* 1 in 10 among young ♂
* 1 in 30 among young ♀
dreams
141
underlying meaning that gratifies unconscious wishes
latent content
