Psych Quiz 10

Question 1

random

Answer 1

variable

Question 2

If behavior is increasing then it is ________ Reinforcement.

Answer 2

Positive

Question 3

A generalized reinforcer that is characterized by physical traits applied to it.

Answer 3

token

Question 4

What is this an example of?
e.g., A point system, tokens, tickets, etc.

Answer 4

token economy

Question 5

Stimulus/event following a behavior that ↓s the probability of the behavior being repeated

Answer 5

Punishment

Question 6

_______ isn’t the same thing as negative reinforcement..

Answer 6

Punishment

Question 7

↓s probability of behavior

Answer 7

Punishment

Question 8

↑s probability of behavior

Answer 8

negative reinforcement

Question 9

Consists of adding something

Answer 9

Positive (+) Punishment

Question 10

What is this an example of?
e.g., Dog chews on wall + yelling at dog = dog stops chewing on wall

Answer 10

Positive (+) Punishment

Question 11

Consists of removing something

Answer 11

Negative (–) Punishment

Question 12

What is this an example of?
e.g., Person swears a lot + Introduce swear jar = Stops cursing

Answer 12

Negative (–) Punishment

Question 13

Effects appear to be temporary

Answer 13

Problems with punishment

Question 14

Reinforces any behavior that ↓s
the probability of punishment.

Answer 14

Problems with punishment

Question 15

Extinction or condition incompatible behaviors.

Answer 15

Alternatives to punishment

Question 16

What is this an example of?
e.g., A kid being bad - ignore bad behavior

Answer 16

Alternatives to punishment

Question 17

Reinforcing successive approximations of goal behavior

Answer 17

Shaping

Question 18

What is this an example of?
e.g.,
- Reinforcing bad behavior that leads to what you want
- A teacher makes you submit essay topic, then essay outline, then essay rough draft

Answer 18

Shaping

Question 19

Timing/frequency of reinforcement

Answer 19

Reinforcement schedule

Question 20

Reinforce behavior every time it occurs.

Answer 20

Continuous Schedule

Question 21

What is this an example of?
e.g., Giving dog a treat every time it sits

Answer 21

Continuous Schedule

Question 22

Pro of _______ Schedule: Quicker learning

Answer 22

Continuous Schedule

Question 23

A con of _____ Schedule: No reinforce = no behavior

Answer 23

Continuous Schedule

Question 24

Reinforce behavior frequently/once in a while.

Answer 24

Intermittent

Question 25

What is this an example of? e.g., Sometimes you give your dog a treat when they sit.

Answer 25

Intermittent

Question 26

Pro of ______ Schedule: ↑ sustained w/o reinforcement.

Answer 26

Intermittent

Question 27

Con of ______ Schedule: ↓ learning

Answer 27

Intermittent

Question 28

reinforce after a set amount of time – activity ↑s near set time

Answer 28

fixed interval

Question 29

What is this an example of? e.g., Kid gets allowance at the end of the week, so they wait until the end of the week to clean room.

Answer 29

fixed interval

Question 30

Time

Answer 30

interval

Question 31

Number of responses

Answer 31

ratio

Question 32

reinforce after a fixed number of responses – activity ↓s after reinforcer

Answer 32

fixed ratio

Question 33

What is this an example of? e.g., Buy three get one free

Answer 33

fixed ratio

Question 34

time of / between reinforcement varies – moderate & steady activity

Answer 34

variable interval

Question 35

What is this an example of? e.g., Your boss stopping by; a health inspector visiting

Answer 35

Variable interval

Question 36

reinforce after a changing number of responses – ↑-est activity of all schedules

Answer 36

Variable ratio

Question 37

What is this an example of? e.g., Slot machines, lottery, social media

Answer 37

Variable ratio

Question 38

_______ processes influence conditioning.

Answer 38

Cognitive

Question 39

behavior shaped by consequences – reinforcement: increases behavior – punishment: decreases behavior

Answer 39

operant conditioning

Question 40

– stimulus presented (added) or removed – not “good” or “bad”

Answer 40

positive vs. negative

Question 41

learning that isn’t apparent until there’s an incentive

Answer 41

latent learning

Question 42

What is this an example of? e.g., A dog not sitting when there isn't a treat or a dog only sitting for a treat.

Answer 42

latent learning

Question 43

We're sometimes aware of our own ________.

Answer 43

Conditionings

Question 44

desire to perform behavior solely for its own sake

Answer 44

intrinsic motivation

Question 45

What is this an example of? e.g., internal desire; motivation

Answer 45

intrinsic motivation

Question 46

desire to perform behavior to receive reward or avoid punishment

Answer 46

extrinsic motivation

Question 47

What is this an example of? e.g., Disulfiram makes me sick if I drink = Reduced treatment effectiveness

Answer 47

extrinsic motivation

Question 48

_______ motivation is more likely to keep behavior going.

Answer 48

Intrinsic

Question 49

______ + money = excessive rewards can ruin intrinsic motivation

Answer 49

intrinsic motivation

Question 50

Conditioning isn't the only form of ________.

Answer 50

learning

Question 51

acquisition of mental info, whether by observing events, watching others, or through language

Answer 51

cognitive learning

Question 52

learning by observing & imitating others

Answer 52

observational learning

Question 53

What is this an example of? e.g., Watching a YouTube video to learn how to make ramen.

Answer 53

observational learning

Question 54

process of observing & imitating a specific behavior

Answer 54

modeling

Question 55

observed aggression = ______ aggression

Answer 55

more

Question 56

learning by observing others receiving reinforcement/ punishment

Answer 56

vicarious learning

Question 57

What is this an example of? e.g., Child observes an adult being scolded for hitting Bobo doll = less aggression

Answer 57

vicarious learning

Question 58

sensory receptors & nervous system receive & represent stimulus energies from the environment

Answer 58

sensation

Question 59

process of organizing & interpreting sensory information * enables us to recognize meaningful objects & events

Answer 59

perception

Question 60

begins with sensory receptors & works up to the brain’s integration of sensory info

Answer 60

bottom-up processing (sensation)

Question 61

What is this an example of? e.g., hmaun

Answer 61

bottom-up processing (sensation)

Question 62

construct perceptions drawing from experience & expectations

Answer 62

top-down processing (perception)

Question 63

What is this an example of? e.g., You don't need all of the words to be spelled accurately because of prior knowledge.

Answer 63

top-down processing (perception)

Question 64

Conversion of one form of energy into another. In sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies (e.g., sight) into neural impulses our brain can interpret

Answer 64

transduction

Question 65

The relationship between sensation & perception is impaired in _______.

Answer 65

Capgras Delusion

Question 66

What is this an example of when recognizing someone? e.g., Recognition of emotional history with person who has those features.

Answer 66

top-down processing (perception)

Question 67

What is this an example of when recognizing someone? e.g., Those features match those of my friend Tom.

Answer 67

bottom-up processing (sensation)

Question 68

What process isn't included in Capgras Delusion? e.g., They recognize someone, but don't feel any connection to them.

Answer 68

top-down processing (perception)

Question 69

minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time

Answer 69

absolute threshold

Question 70

input below the absolute threshold for conscious awareness

Answer 70

subliminal

Question 71

What is this an example of? e.g., You think you hear music outside

Answer 71

absolute threshold

Question 72

What is this an example of? e.g., Where's Waldo game

Answer 72

subliminal