Psych Quiz 11

Question 1

predicts when we will detect a faint stimulus (i.e., signal) amid background noise.

Answer 1

signal detection theory

Question 2

– assumes no absolute threshold
– detection varies based on experience, expectations, motivation, alertness, & type / strength of stimulus

Answer 2

signal detection theory

Question 3

What is this an example of?
e.g., fire & the smoke detector goes off

Answer 3

hit

Question 4

What is this an example of?
e.g., no fire & smoke detector does not go off

Answer 4

correct rejection

Question 5

Hit and correct rejection fall under _______ decisions.

Answer 5

right

Question 6

What is this an example of?
e.g., fire & the smoke detector does not go off

Answer 6

miss

Question 7

What is this an example of?
e.g., no fire & smoke detector goes off anyway

Answer 7

false alarm

Question 8

Miss and false alarm fall under _______ decisions.

Answer 8

wrong

Question 9

What is this an example of?
e.g., You think a person is sick, so you avoid them, and the person is actually sick.

Answer 9

hit

Question 10

What is this an example of?
e.g., You think a person is sick, so you avoid them; however, the person actually is not sick.

Answer 10

false alarm

Question 11

What is this an example of?
e.g., You do not think a person is sick and you do not avoid them, and they are actually sick.

Answer 11

miss

Question 12

What is this an example of?
e.g., You do not think a person is sick and you do not avoid them, and they actually are not sick.

Answer 12

correction rejection

Question 13

minimum difference between 2 stimuli detectable 50% of the time

Answer 13

difference threshold (just noticeable difference [JND])

Question 14

The more costly error.

Answer 14

Miss/False negative

Question 15

What is this an example of?
e.g., You are able to detect a difference in the brightness of lightbulbs.

Answer 15

difference threshold (just noticeable difference [JND])

Question 16

to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage (not a constant amount).

Answer 16

Weber’s law

Question 17

As stimulus intensity increases, more change is needed to detect a difference.

Answer 17

Weber’s law

Question 18

What is this an example of?
e.g., You can easily tell the difference between if someone is a 1 or a 2, rather than a 9 or a 10 on an attractiveness scale.

Answer 18

Weber’s law

Question 19

What is this an example of?
e.g., You are able to tell the difference between a $1 sale on a $3 item, rather than a $1 sale on an $80 item.

Answer 19

Weber’s law

Question 20

↓ sensitivity after constant stimulation

Answer 20

sensory adaptation

Question 21

What is this an example of?
E.g., You wear the same cologne/perfume for a long time, so you apply more because you are unable to smell it on yourself.

Answer 21

sensory adaptation

Question 22

repeated exposure to a stimulus creates an ↑
sensory / perceptual response

Answer 22

sensitization

Question 23

What is this an example of?
E.g., The person next to you breaths loudly, so you develop an irritation to their breathing.

Answer 23

sensitization

Question 24

mental predisposition to perceive one thing & not another

Answer 24

perceptual set

Question 25

_______ is determined by: * past experiences & expectations * differences in sensation ability

Answer 25

perceptual set

Question 26

What is this an example of? E.g., A person in a grocery store may either think: - That kid is throwing a temper tantrum - Oh, that kid is throwing a temper tantrum because they are being kidnapped

Answer 26

perceptual set

Question 27

surrounding context may change how we perceive a stimulus

Answer 27

context effects

Question 28

What is this an example of? e.g., You think a dot is bigger than the other because the surrounding dots are smaller, but they are the same size.

Answer 28

context effects

Question 29

What is this an example of? E.g., If you are a short man, you look tall next to kids; In a small town you are hot, but when you go to Hollywood you are not as hot.

Answer 29

context effects

Question 30

Goals, motives, & emotions can _____ our interpretations of neutral stimuli

Answer 30

bias

Question 31

What is this an example of? e.g., misperception of sexual interest in speed dating studies

Answer 31

Goals, motives, & emotions biasing our interpretations of neutral stimuli

Question 32

Humans can see a small piece of the __________.

Answer 32

electromagnetic spectrum

Question 33

The rest of the electromagnetic spectrum is ______ to our sight.

Answer 33

“invisible”

Question 34

What is this an example of? e.g., x-rays, radio waves

Answer 34

electromagnetic spectrum

Question 35

(distance between peaks) determines hue (color)

Answer 35

wavelength

Question 36

(height of wave) determines intensity (brightness)

Answer 36

wave amplitude

Question 37

changes shape (accommodates) to bring objects into focus on retina (light-sensitive inner surface of eye)

Answer 37

Lens

Question 38

Light rays → Cornea → Pupil → _______

Answer 38

Lens

Question 39

sensitive to detail & color

Answer 39

cones

Question 40

* higher concentration near fovea (center of retina) * precise, color “daytime” vision

Answer 40

cones

Question 41

sensitive to faint light

Answer 41

rods

Question 42

* located around periphery of retina * black & white “night” vision * peripheral vision

Answer 42

rods

Question 43

No receptors where the optic nerve ______ the eye (blind spot)

Answer 43

leaves

Question 44

cones are working but rods aren’t activated

Answer 44

When entering a dark room

Question 45

cones need adequate ______ to work properly

Answer 45

light

Question 46

rods require _______ but need some time to activate

Answer 46

less light

Question 47

rods become "saturated" in bright light; stop working

Answer 47

When exiting a dark room

Question 48

must wait for cones to take back over

Answer 48

When exiting a dark room

Question 49

__________ crosses over & runs to the thalamus on the opposite side of brain.

Answer 49

Optic nerve

Question 50

____________ routes signal directly back to visual cortex to process.

Answer 50

Thalamus

Question 51

different nerve cells process specific features (e.g., shape, angle, movement)

Answer 51

feature detectors

Question 52

processes faces

Answer 52

Fusiform Cortex

Question 53

face blindness

Answer 53

Prosopagnosia

Question 54

different areas of the visual cortex processing motion, form, depth, & color do so at the same time * brain later integrates these dimensions to form one big picture

Answer 54

parallel processing

Question 55

What is this an example of? e.g., Men thinking a woman is into them because they are nice & smile at them.

Answer 55

Goals, motives, & emotions biasing our interpretations of neutral stimuli

Question 56

integrating sensory info. into meaningful wholes * follow rules of grouping

Answer 56

Gestalt principles

Question 57

Organizing stimuli into coherent groups

Answer 57

grouping

Question 58

What is this an example of? e.g., Necker cube

Answer 58

Gestalt principles

Question 59

organization of visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from surroundings (ground)

Answer 59

figure-ground

Question 60

objects

Answer 60

figures

Question 61

surroundings

Answer 61

ground

Question 62

Figure-ground, proximity, continuity, and closure falls under __________.

Answer 62

Form perception

Question 63

tendency to group nearby figures together

Answer 63

proximity

Question 64

What is this an example of? E.g., You and an opposite sex friend get mistaken as a couple because you are close together.

Answer 64

proximity

Question 65

tendency to perceive smooth, continuous patterns rather than discontinuous ones

Answer 65

continuity

Question 66

What is this an example of? E.g., You are unable to tell where an electrical cord leads to due to other cords.

Answer 66

continuity

Question 67

filling in gaps to create a complete, whole object

Answer 67

closure

Question 68

ability to see in 3D

Answer 68

Depth Perception

Question 69

Monocular cues, Retinal Disparity, and Binocular cues fall under __________.

Answer 69

Depth Perception

Question 70

depend on 2 eyes

Answer 70

binocular cues

Question 71

difference between 2 eyes helps us see depth

Answer 71

retinal disparity

Question 72

What is this an example of? E.g., You hold your left and right index fingers in front of your eyes and move them back forth affecting your vision.

Answer 72

retinal disparity

Question 73

cues a single eye can use to produce 3D

Answer 73

monocular cues

Question 74

______ needs: * light & shadow * relative size / height / position (interposition) * linear perspective

Answer 74

monocular cues

Question 75

Something in front of another object affecting the way the size of it looks

Answer 75

interposition

Question 76

What is this an example of? E.g., Maxine’s new job is downwind from a dog food factory. At first, Maxine finds the smell horrendous. However, after a few days, Maxine no longer notices the smell.

Answer 76

Sensory Adaptation

Question 77

Justin bought some extremely bright lights to put in his dorm. These bright lights are characterized by:

Answer 77

Great Amplitude

Question 78

If Lily listens to T-Swift at 10 decibels & raises the volume 2 decibels, she can tell the music is louder. When T-Swift is playing at 40 decibels & Lily raises the volume 2 decibels, she can’t tell if it’s louder; to detect an increase in loudness, Lily has to raise the volume by 8 decibels, which best describes:

Answer 78

Weber’s law

Question 79

As a pharmacist, Emily has to interpret doctors’ handwriting to figure out what medication is prescribed. Here, Emily uses her previous experiences, expectations, & the overall context of the surrounding words, which is a process best described as:

Answer 79

Top-down processing

Question 80

Ian sees a person running at him in his peripheral visual field. Ian can see this person due to his:

Answer 80

Rods

Question 81

If Bob looks at a vertical line, he is activating different _______ than when he looks at a horizontal line.

Answer 81

Feature detectors

Question 82

The area of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye is known as the:

Answer 82

Blind spot

Question 83

The retina contains three kinds of color receptors.

Answer 83

Young-Helmholtz theory