Psychosis Flashcards
(23 cards)
Psychotic symptoms are abnormalities in these 5 domains:
Delusions, hallucinations, disorganised thinking, grossly disorganised/abnormal motor behaviour (e.g catatonia), negative symptoms
What is catatonia?
Despite being awake, the individual appears unresponsive (catatonic)
What are negative symptoms?
Symptoms that are the lack of something normal rather than the presence of something abnormal
What are delusions?
Fixed beliefs that are not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence
What are the 6 types of delusions?
- Somatic: Belief something is wrong with health or organ function
- Persecutory: Most common delusion, that you are being targeted by an individual/organisation/group
- Referential: Belief that random gestures/cues are directed at oneself
- Erotomanic: False belief that someone is in love with them
- Nihilistic: Belief a major catastrophe will occur
- Grandiose: Belief that one has exceptional abilities/wealth/fame
SPRENG
Bizarre vs Non-bizarre Delusions
Bizarre delusions are impossible, non-bizarre are possible but unlikely
Primary vs Secondary delusions
- Primary delusions occur internally with no cause
- Secondary delusions are caused by an internal or external influence
What are hallucinations?
Perception-like experience that occur without external stimulus
Disorganised Thinking/Speech (aka Formal Thought Disorder) Symptoms (6):
- Derailment: Speech steers off-topic
- Incoherence: Word Salad
- Clanging: Words chosen based on phonological association rather than semantic or syntactic
- Pressure of speech: Difficult to interrupts excessive spontaneous speech
- Flight of ideas: Loosely related concepts - rapidly changing from topic to topic
- Circumstantiality: Speech including unnecessary or irrelevant detail
DIC PFC
Types of negative symptoms of psychosis (5)
- Diminished emotional expression
- Avolition: Decreased motivated purposeful activities
- Alogia: Diminished speech
- Anhedonia: Decreased ability to experience pleasure
- Asociality: The apparent lack of interest in social interactions
DAAAA
Psychotic Symptom Prevalence
The younger the higher
Brief Psychotic Disorder Criteria
(A): Presence of 1+ of the following (1 of 1,2,3 required):
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganised Speech
- Disorganised/Catatonic Behaviour
(B): Duration 1 day to 1 month
(C): Not better explained by MDD or BPD or schizo or catatonia no substance or medical condition
Specify:
- Marked Stressors
- Postpartum Onset
Delusional Disorder Criteria
(A): Delusions 1+ months
(B): Criteria A for schizophrenia never met
(C): Functioning is not markedly impaired
(D): Manic or MD Episodes were brief relative to the delusional episodes
(E): Not other stuff
Schizophreniform Disorder
(A): 2+ for 1 month, at least 1 is 1,2,3:
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganised Speech
- Grossly disorganised/catatonic behaviour
- Negative Symptoms
(B): 1-6 months
Schizophrenia Criteria
(A): 2+ of the following, 1 of 1,2,3 required. Significant portion in 1 month
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganised Speech
- Disorganised/Catatonic Behaviour
- Negative Symptoms
(B): Impairs functioning
(C): Disturbance persists for at least 6 months
(D): Not attributable to smth else
Schizoaffective Disorder Criteria
(A): Major mood episode + criterion A of schizophrenia
(B): Delusions/Hallucinations 2+ weeks without mood
(C): Major mood episode present for majority of the total duration of the illness
(D): Not smth else
What are all the psychotic disorders you should know, their duration criteria, and symptom criteria briefly?
- Schizophrenia: 6 months, crit A
- Schizophreniform: 1-6 months, crit A
- Schizoaffective: 2+ weeks of del/hal without mood disturbance, crit A + mood
- Delusional: 1 month, Delusions
- Brief Psychotic: 1 day- 1 month, 1+ of crit A
Psychosis Epidemiology
- Males more early, females more late, early 15-25 onset, Cultural
Associated Features of Psychosis
- Depression
- Suicide
- Anxiety
- PTSD
- Substance Use
- Poor Quality of Life
- Stigma
(7)
What are the neurotransmitters associated with schizophrenia?
Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Seratonin
What brain features are associated with schizophrenia?
- Enlarged ventricles
- Reduced grey and white matter in prefrontal cortex
- Hippocampul volume
Social factors of psychosis
Basically exclusion and stuff sensitizes dopamine receptors so then when you do get dopamine u go cray cray.
Cognitive Model of Psychosis
Thing happens -> Wrong interpretation -> Faulty beliefs caused also by life experience -> Causes behaviours and emotions
