Pulmonary pharmacology

Question 0

Antibody that is cross-linked by allergens and activates mast cell degranulation, producing asthma symptoms

Answer 0

IgE

Question 1

3 effects of alpha adrenergic stimulation

Answer 1

1. smooth muscle contraction
2. vasoconstriction
3. slight bronchoconstriction

Question 2

Th cells that are important in cell-mediated immunity and intracellular pathogens

Answer 2

Th1

Question 3

3 effects of beta-1 adrenergic stimulation

Answer 3

1. tachycardia
2. arrhythmia
3. HTN

Question 4

Major effect beta-2 stimulation

Answer 4

bronchodilation

Question 5

Th cells that can cause chronic inflammation and are thought to be associated with neutrophilic asthma

Answer 5

Th17

Question 6

A severe whole body response to an allergen leading to smooth muscle constriction, vasodilation (hypotension) and increased vascular permeability

Answer 6

anaphylaxis

Question 7

Enzyme that is inhibited by PKA (via phosphorylation) that catalyzes muscle contraction

Answer 7

Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)

Question 8

G-alpha subunit that is associated with beta-2 receptors

Answer 8

Gs

Question 9

The standard emergency treatment for anaphylaxis

Answer 9

epinephrine

Question 10

3 ultra-long acting beta-2 agonist

Answer 10

1. indacaterol
2. olodaterol
3. vilanterol

Question 11

Th cells that are important in antibody-related immunity and extracellular pathogens and are thought to be associated with eosinophilic asthma

Answer 11

Th2

Question 12

Traditional Chinese remedy for asthma that is a non-selective adrenergic agonist

Answer 12

Ephedrine

Question 13

Drug class of theophylline

Answer 13

methylxanthine

Question 14

Zone for the cortex that is responsible for producing mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)

Answer 14

zona glomerulosa (outer)

Question 15

2 long-acting inhaled beta-2 agonists

Answer 15

1. salmeterol (Serovent)

2. formoterol (Foradil)

Question 16

The gold standard short-acting beta-2 agonist

Answer 16

albuterol

Question 17

3 MOAs of theophylline

Answer 17

1. phosphodiesterase inhibitor
2. adenosine receptor antagonist
3. activation of histone deacetylases

Question 18

2 IV beta-2 agonists

Answer 18

1. terbutaline

2. epinephrine

Question 19

Zone of the cortex that is responsible for producing sex hormones

Answer 19

zona reticularis (inner)

Question 20

Long-acting beta-2 agonist that is a partial agonist

Answer 20

salmeterol xiafoate

Question 21

Region of the adrenal gland that secretes mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids and sex hormones

Answer 21

Cortex (outer region)

Question 22

2 major problems with theophylline, largely limiting its use

Answer 22

1. low therapeutic index

2. many drug interactions

Question 23

MOA of roflumilasat

Answer 23

Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor

Question 24

Muscarinic receptor that is mostly active in airway smooth muscle contraction and mucus hyper-secretion

Answer 24

M3

Question 25

The first line of defense for treating COPD

Answer 25

anticholinergics

Question 26

2 oral beta-2 agonists

Answer 26

1. terbutaline | 2. albuterol

Question 27

Region of the adrenal gland that secretes catacholamines

Answer 27

Medulla (inner region)

Question 28

Structural difference between anticholinergics used to treat COPD and atropine

Answer 28

agents used to treat COPD are quaternary amines

Question 29

Zone of the cortex that is responsible for producing glucocorticoids

Answer 29

zona fasciculata (middle)

Question 30

The precursor for cortisol

Answer 30

cholesterol

Question 31

Where ACTH is released from

Answer 31

pituitary gland

Question 32

Protein that translocates free cholesterol to the mitochondria and transports cholesterol from the outer membrane to the inner membrane

Answer 32

Steriodogenic acute regulator protein

Question 33

Hormone that regulates the zona fasciculata and the production of glucocorticoids

Answer 33

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 34

MOA of zilueton

Answer 34

5'- lipoxygenase inhibitor

Question 35

Muscarinic receptors that are presynaptic and ideally would not be inhibited

Answer 35

M2

Question 36

Location of the adrenal gland

Answer 36

above the kidneys

Question 37

3 MOAs of theophylline that relate to asthma

Answer 37

1. Phosphodiesterase inhibitor 2. adenosine receptor antagonist 3. activation of histone deacetylases

Question 38

MOA of decongestants (phenylephrine and pseudophedrine)

Answer 38

alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonists

Question 41

G alpha subunit associated with alpha-1 adrenergic receptor

Answer 41

Gq

Question 42

1st line maintenance therapy for asthma

Answer 42

ICS

Question 43

2 Mast cell stabilizers

Answer 43

1. Cromolyn | 2. Nedocromil

Question 45

Maximum usage time of topical nasal decongestants

Answer 45

every 12 hours for no longer than 3-5 days

Question 46

Standard dosing regimen of cromolyn (mast cell stabilizer) for maintenance treatment of asthma

Answer 46

2 inhalations qid

Question 47

Target of montelukast

Answer 47

LT1 receptor

Question 48

GPCR alpha subtype in LT1 receptor

Answer 48

Gq

Question 49

Condition characterized by vicious cycle of nasal decongestant therapy followed by congestion

Answer 49

rhinitis medicamentosa

Question 50

G-alpha subunit associated with H1 receptor

Answer 50

Gq

Question 51

2 major effects of histamine H1 receptor activity

Answer 51

1. NO-mediated relaxation of smooth muscle, vasodilation | 2. MLCK-mediated contraction capillary endothelium, making capillaries leaky