RECIT FOR PR (CM 4)

Question 1

Overall strategy to logically and coherently integrate various components/
elements of a study

Answer 1

Research Design

Question 2

Choose which design best fits your problem and why you see it as best suited to find answers to questions in the SOP

Answer 2

Research Design

Question 3

5 Type of Research design

Answer 3

Descriptive Research
Correlational Research
Causal-comparative
Experimental
Prototyping

Question 4

Uses rating scales, questionnaires, observations, etc

Answer 4

Descriptive Research

Question 5

Used when little is known about the topic and research is exploratory in nature.

Answer 5

Descriptive Research

Question 6

Determine relationship between
two variables. (E.g., an increase/ decrease in one variable corresponds to
an increase/ decrease in another.)

Answer 6

Correlation Research

Question 7

Aims to study casual relationship

Answer 7

Causal-comparative

Question 8

Uses questionnaires, tests, observations

Answer 8

Correlation Research

Question 9

occurs during the study
itself.

Answer 9

Effect

Question 10

already established before the study

Answer 10

Intact group

Question 11

No randomness so it
provides limited conclusiveness in establishing causation.

Answer 11

Intact Group

Question 12

Members of each intact group may be randomly assigned to either

Answer 12

treatment group or control group.

Question 13

Ensures greater control for researcher and
less threats to validity of study

Answer 13

Experimental

Question 13

May be prone to Hawthorne effect

Answer 13

Experimental

Question 13

(observed change in participant behavior
because of knowing they are part of experiment)

Answer 13

Hawthornes

Question 13

Not all variables can be experimentally
controlled and manipulated for practical and ethical reasons.

Answer 13

Experimental

Question 14

Development approach to improve planning and execution of creative
designs

Answer 14

Prototyping

Question 15

Steps in developing prototypes

Answer 15

Develop a prototype by identifying objectives, identifying risks, formulating a hypothesis, constructing it, assessing its functionality through an experiment, and utilizing the results to enhance it.

Question 15

Focuses where the research will be conducted. This the location where the
researcher will gather the data.

Answer 15

Research Locale

Question 16

the process of systematically selecting individuals, units, or groups
out of the entire population to be analyzed in the study

Answer 16

Sampling

Question 16

what is the goal of sampling?

Answer 16

to make sure that samples are representative of population

Question 17

3 sample size?

Answer 17

o Heuristics- rule of thumb
o Literature review- Look for studies similar to yours. Check sample size
to prove the validity of sample size you plan to use.
o Formulas:

Question 17

rule of thumb

Answer 17

Heuristics

Question 18

Look for studies similar to yours. Check sample size
to prove the validity of sample size you plan to use.

Answer 18

Literature review

Question 19

National Education Association

Answer 19

formulas

Question 20

- all participants have an equal chance of being selected.

Answer 20

Simple random sampling

Question 21

Best way to obtain a representative sample, Fishbowl method, electronic raffle/ spin the wheel.

Answer 21

Simple random sampling

Question 22

population is divided into subgroups/ stratas having similar characteristics, from which the samples are drawn

Answer 22

Stratified sampling-

Question 23

Ensure that all subgroups are represented adequately in the sample, best used when characteristics of subgroups may influence variables being measured.

Answer 23

Stratified sampling

Question 24

- population is divided into subgroups regardless of characteristics

Answer 24

Cluster sampling

Question 25

what is the cons and solution for cluster sampling

Answer 25

CON: possible inadequate representation of each characteristic among the population SOLUTION: large number of samples should be used from the subgroups

Question 26

selecting members of the population based on a fixed interval (every nth value).

Answer 26

Systematic sampling

Question 26

4 Probability Sampling

Answer 26

Simple random sampling Stratified sampling Cluster sampling Systematic sampling

Question 27

is a method where each item has an unknown possibility of being selected

Answer 27

Non-probability Sampling

Question 28

4 Non-probability Sampling

Answer 28

Convenience Sampling Judgemental/purposing sampling Snowball Sampling Quota Sampling

Question 28

Sample is chosen based on what is conveniently available

Answer 28

Convenience Sampling `

Question 29

Sample is chosen based on who is knowledgeable or expert in the topic at hand.

Answer 29

Judgemental/purposing sampling

Question 29

Used when the subjects are very difficult to find or very sensitive topic

Answer 29

Snowball Sampling

Question 29

Used to obtain the same characteristics found in the population.

Answer 29

Quota Sampling

Question 30

What are the instruments used to gather data

Answer 30

Test Observation Interviews Questionnaire

Question 31

- Instrument “appears” to measure variables being studied. Subjective.

Answer 31

Face Validity

Question 32

Consider having another coder or evaluator to help gather data when using more subjective tools (observation, interview, etc.) to improve validity and reliability

Answer 32

Data Gathering tool

Question 33

Degree to which an instrument measures the specific elements it is supposed to measure.

Answer 33

Content validity

Question 34

Done with a list of specifications provided by subject matter experts.

Answer 34

Content Validity

Question 35

Degree to which an instrument measures the variables being studied, as a whole.

Answer 35

Construct validity

Question 36

Degree to which an instrument predicts characteristics of a variable in a certain way, producing similar results to that of another instrument

Answer 36

Criterion validity

Question 37

ability to predict results similar to those already conducted in the past, especially when two instruments are employed simultaneously

Answer 37

Concurrent validity

Question 38

ability to predict results similar to another instrument which may be used in the future

Answer 38

Predictive validity

Question 39

Consistency of the measures of an instrument.

Answer 39

Reliability

Question 40

administer an instrument twice and compute the consistency of scores. Conduct retest in a shorter period of time to record a higher correlation

Answer 40

Test-retest reliability

Question 41

– administer two identical tests (same coverage, difficulty level, test type, and format, but different in wording, e.g., pre- and post-test)

Answer 41

Equivalent forms reliability

Question 41

measures how well the items in two instruments measure the same construct

Answer 41

Internal consistency reliability

Question 42

measures the consistency used to evaluate the extent to which different judges agree in their assessment decisions

Answer 42

Inter-rater reliability

Question 43

Present what you intend to do or what you did in a step-by-step manner so that other researchers can easily replicate the stud

Answer 43

Data Gathering Procedure

Question 43

*Letter of permission to conduct data gathering (if applicable) *Informed consent form Pilot-testing

Answer 43

What you need before data collection:

Question 43

Describe in detail how your paper exemplifies research ethics in every step

Answer 43

Data Gathering Procedure

Question 43

Triangulate results using two or more sources and methods.

Answer 43

During data collection:

Question 44

encoding, transcribing, and archival of data Analysis and interpretation

Answer 44

After:

Question 45

also be used for easier replication in future studies (which also ensures validity and reliability of study you conducted).

Answer 45

flowchart

Question 46

usually stated in paragraph form

Answer 46

Procedure

Question 47

Rests on a number of assumptions about data distribution and/ or frequency of their occurrence

Answer 47

Parametric Test

Question 48

Have more statistical power because assumptions are mathematical in nature

Answer 48

Parametric Test

Question 49

Can detect whether IV significantly affects DV

Answer 49

Parametric Test

Question 50

Used for interval or ratio scales

Answer 50

Parametric Test

Question 51

Used for sample sizes of 30 or more

Answer 51

Parametric Test

Question 52

Used if data distribution is normal

Answer 52

Parametic Test

Question 53

measure of heaviness of the tail of the distribution, indicating presence of outliers

Answer 53

Kurtosis

Question 53

High kurtosis

Answer 53

leptokurtic

Question 54

Medium kurtosis

Answer 54

(mesokurtic

Question 55

(lack of evenness in data distribution

Answer 55

skewness

Question 56

Low kurtosis

Answer 56

(platykurtic

Question 57

Negative skew

Answer 57

(left-tailed, right-leaning

Question 58

Positive skew

Answer 58

right-tailed, left-leaning

Question 59

the specific procedures that was being used to distinguish and dissect information about the research topic.

Answer 59

Methodology

Question 59

the tool that was being maximized by the researcher to gather and collect the data from the respondents.

Answer 59

Research Instrument

Question 60

what you intend to do or what you did in a step-by-step manner so that other researchers can easily replicate the study

Answer 60

Data gathering procedure