Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GOODLUCK > UCSP endterm exam > Flashcards

UCSP endterm exam Flashcards

1
Q

—- understands religion as a socially
constructed reality. This means that—–

A
  1. social scientific approach
    2.t religion is shaped by the
    interaction of its human agents (leaders, followers, activists, innovators, and even non-believers) and their sociohistorical
    contexts.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Religion as a social reality can be defined in two ways:

A
  1. Substantive definition is concerned with what constitutes religion.
    Ex. Rituals, Gods
  2. Functional definition is more concerned with the social consequences of a religion and is a response to the limitation of
    the substantive definition.
    Ex.
  3. Conflict- the use of equal society

4.sociological - it aids capitalism and should live simply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

defines religion as a “unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, that is to say, things set apart and
forbidden – beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral
community.”

A

Emile Durkheim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Religion came from the
Latin word

A

religare which
means ‘to bring together’
and relegere, ‘to rehearse
painstakingly’ as in the case
of collective rituals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

5 Types of Religion

A
  1. Monotheism – belief in single god
  2. Polytheism – belief in multiple gods
  3. Atheism – lack of belief in the existence of any god
  4. Animism – belief in the divinity of nonhuman beings
  5. Totemism – belief in a divine connection between humans
    and other natural beings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Those who do not belong to an organized
religious groups are called

A

unchurched believers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

4 Types of religious organizations

A
  1. Church- is a religious organization that claims to possess the truth about salvation exclusively. Ex. is the Roman
    Catholic Church.
  2. Sect- is a group or organization whose beliefs and practices are
    totally different from what is considered to be orthodox, or a breakaway group from a mainstream religion with radically different beliefs ex. Iglesia ni cristo
  3. Denomination is a large, mainstream religious organization, but it does not claim to be official
  4. The term cult has negative connotations. These are often considered deviant groups within a society. A cult is a relatively
    small group of people having religious beliefs or practices regarded by others as strange or sinister.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

consists of hierarchical relationships among
different groups, as though they were arranged in layers, or strata.

A

Social stratification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Is an extreme form of inequality in which
some individuals are literally owned by others as property.

A

Slavery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

is associated with the cultures of the Indian subcontinent
and the Hindu belief in rebirth.

A

caste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

one’s social
status is given for life.

A

caste system, This means that all individuals must remain at the social level of their birth throughout their life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Indian caste system

A

Brahmins- Priest
Kshatriyas- King/Rules, warriors
Vaisyas- Merchant, Craftsman, Landlord
Sudra- Farm workers, Unskilled workers, Servants
Dalits (Untouchables)- Street Sweeper, Animal waste, Deal with dead bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

as a large- scale grouping of people who
share common economic resources that strongly influence the
type of lifestyle they are able to lead

A

Class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

is the movement of individuals or groups
between different social positions

A

Social mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the term class refers to people who have a common relationship to the means of production—the means by which
they gain a livelihood.

A

For Karl Max

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

own the means of production

A

bourgeoisie, or
capitalists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

earn their living by
selling their labor to the capitalists

A

Proletariat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

refers to differences among groups in the social honor, or prestige, that others accord them

A

Status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The mixing of different or combination religious beliefs and practices is called

A

religious syncretism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

that is different from the original parent religion

A

folk religion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ex. sto nino, black nazarene

A

folk catholicism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

as the difference in the
status, power, and prestige that women and men have in groups,
collectives, and societies. L

A

gender inequality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

is when women hold
occupations of lower status and pay, such as secretarial and retail positions, and men hold jobs of higher status and pay, such as managerial and professional positions.

A

gender typing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

unwanted or repeated sexual advances,
remarks, and behavior that are offensive to the recipient and cause discomfort or interfere with job performance

A

Sexual Harassment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
is a group of people in a given society who, because of their distinct physical or cultural characteristics, find themselves in situations of inequality compared with the dominant group within that society.
minority group
26
3 Different minority group
1. Ethnicity refers to a type of social identity related to ancestry and cultural differences. An ethnic group is one whose members share a distinct awareness of a common cultural identity, separating them from other groups. 2. Sexual minorities are groups of people whose sexual orientation, gender identity, or sexual characteristics are different from the presumed majority of the population, which are heterosexual, cisgender, and non-intersex individuals 3. Person with disabilities is someone who has a physical, mental or emotional condition that keeps him/her from living a social/functional life which is deemed to be normal for their peers.
27
refers to the systematic differences in wealth and power among countries
Global Inequality
28
4 Theories of Global Inequality
1. Market- oriented theories- These theories assume that the best possible economic consequences will result if individuals are free to make their own economic decisions. 2. Dependency theories- Adherents to dependency theories argue that the poverty of low income countries stems from their exploitation by wealthy countries and the multinational corporations based in those wealthy countries. 3. World-Systems Theory- Pioneered by Immanuel Wallerstein, this theory emphasizes the interconnections among countries based on the expansion of a capitalist world economy 4. Global Commodity-Chains Theory This approach provides important insights into how different countries and regions are affected positively or negatively by the ways in which they connect with global commodity chains
29
which argues that low-income societies develop economically only if they give up their traditional ways and adopt modern economic institutions, technologies, and cultural values that emphasize savings and productive investment.
modernization theory
30
are worldwide networks of labor and production processes yielding a finished product
Global commodity chains
31
defined by sociologists as changes in human interactions and relationships that transform cultural and social institutions. These changes occur over time and often have profound and long-term consequences for society.
social change
32
5 SOURCES OF SOCIAL CHANGE
1. Population Growth and Composition- can lead to intermingling of cultures, a different culture, lack of resources, division of labor, and urbanization. The expansion of National University is one example. 2. Culture and Technology- One example is the development of the mobile phone from a telephone instrument to a touch screen smartphone. 3. Cultural Lag- refers to this lag between the initial social change and the resulting social change. ex. "when one group adopts a new technology more quickly than the other groups" "the development of electric cars because There is a delay in the incorporation of this change in society, because not many places have charging stations that would tailor to opponents to maintain the new, more efficient, vehicles." 4. The natural environment- Havoc brought about by natural disasters can lead to loss of livelihood and many more 5. Social Conflict: War and Protest- Change also arises from social conflicts such as wars, ethnic conflicts, efforts by social movements to transform society, and efforts by opponents to maintain the current situation.
33
, it refers to the rise in sea level caused by warmer oceans expanding and melting ice sheets and glaciers.
climate change
34
4 effects of climate change:
water food human health Infrastructure
35
ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
Converse resources Energy Water Reduce, reuse, recycle
36
Politics is word derived from and politics is?
Polis or City-State, is the activity through which people make, preserve, and amend the general rules under which they live
37
Politics therefore, is linked with----
Conflict, and Cooperation-due to the existence of opposing opinions, and different wants.
38
Hannah Arendt defined this
Political Power which she claimed as “acting in concert”.
39
is a Prussian Chancellor who coined the term Realpolitik.
Otto von Bismarck- He is also credited with the German reunification after the Franco-Prusso war
40
this includes family, kinship groups, MNCs, and trade unions this is because they are considered private due to the fact that they satisfy their own interests.
“Little Platoons”
41
which she states that politics is the most important form of human activity because it involves interaction among free and equal citizens.
Hannah Arendt
42
defined Politics as the authoritative allocation of values. This means that political decisions stems from the pressures of various interest group in a society.
David Easton
43
This view on politics is considered to be broad as it views politics beyond the realm of the government and that politics can be observed at the individual or the personal level or “Public Life”
Politics as public affairs
44
The view on politics understands it as a practice on how decisions are made.
Politics as Compromise and Consensus
45
the activity by which differing interests within a given unit of rule are conciliated by giving them a share in power in proportion
politics
46
This view in politics is also considered as the broadest and most radical. This view can see politics being exercised not only in the government but at all levels.
politics as power
47
2 elements in politics
Power -the ability to achieve a desired outcome, through whatever means authority- can be defined as legitimatized power or simply the right to do so
48
This face of Power is concerned with conscious actions that in some way influence the content of decisions.
power as decision making
49
this power is is the ability to prevent decisions being made that is, in effect, ‘non-decision-making’.
power as agenda setting
50
The third face of power is the ability to influence another by shaping what he or she thinks, wants, or needs. Usually expressed via ideological indoctrination Ex. "Through the use of propaganda "
Power as thought control
51
as the rules of the game in a society norm more formally, are the humanly devised constraints that shape human interaction
institutions
52
(2) types of Institutions
1. Political Institutions- is defined as the organizations in a government that create, enforce, and apply laws 2. Non-State Institutions are institutions are those that operate outside of the formal support and endorsement of the state structure, though they might be recognised to some extent within that formal structure
53
Examples of non-state institutions are:
Banks and Corporations Cooperatives and Trade Unions Development Agencies International Organizations International Non-Governmental Organizations
54
defined as the groups within a culture that are responsible for public decision making and leadership, maintaining social cohesion and order, protecting group rights, and ensuring safety from external threats.
political organization
55
is the form of political organization associated with foraging groups. typically comprises between 20 and a few hundred people at most
band
56
is a more formal type of political organization than the band. The primary basis of membership in a --- is kinship.
tribe
57
s a form of political organization that includes permanently allied tribes and villages under one chief, a leader who possesses power
chiefdom
58
an independent, sovereign government exercising control over a certain spatially defined and bounded area, whose borders are usually clearly defined and internationally recognized by other states
state
59
4 elements of state
1.People- no limitation in number, as a whole 2.Government - is the vehicle for governance of society, which is the establishment and enforcement of rules and provisioning of basic services Ex. Cars engine 3. Territory- The fixed portion of the surface of the earth inhabited by the people of the State. 4. Sovereignty- The supreme and uncontrollable power inherent in a State by which that State is governed. It may be legal or political.
60
* The authority which has the power to issue final commands. * Congress is legal sovereign.
legal
61
* The power behind the legal sovereign, or the sum of the influences that operate upon it. * The different sectors molding public opinion
political
62
Characteristics of Sovereignty
1. Permanent 2. Exclusive 3. Comprehensive 4. Absolute 5. Individuality 6. Inalienable 7. imprescriptible
63
a system of government in which laws, policies, leadership, and major undertakings of a state or other polity are directly or indirectly decided by the “people,”
Democracy
64
often used by Nation-States even if the practice of its political institutions says otherwise.
democratic
65
2 Types of Democracy
Direct Democracy -describes those rules, institutions and processes that enable the public to vote directly on a proposed constitutional amendment, Indirect Democracy- form of governance in which the people exercise their right to make political decisions through their elected representatives

GOODLUCK (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions