What are the functions of the urinary system?
Filters the blood to remove waste products; water and acid-base balance; salt balance; hormone production
what is the purpose of the kidneys?
filtration and reabsorption
nephron
functional unit of the kidney; part is in the cortex and part is in the medulla
Describe the pathway of urine in a stallion.
ureter, bladder, pelvic urethra, penile urethra, urethral process
Describe the pathway of urine in a mare.
ureter, bladder, urethra, urethral orifice, vestibule, vulva
hilus
where nerves, blood vessels, and the ureter can exit the kidney
renal cortex
where you find Bowman’s capsule, PCT, and DCT
renal medulla
where you find loop of nephron, part of collecting ducts, and renal papilla
renal capsule
prevents the kidney from swelling and decreasing the pressure needed for filtration; most superficial layer
renal fascia
helps attach the kidneys to the dorsal, cranial portion of the abdominal cavity
Follow the pathway of a RBC from the point that liquid waste leaves the blood until the RBC returns again to the glomerular capillaries
glomerular capillaries, efferent arterioles, peritubular capillaries, renal venules, interlobular veins, renal vein, vena cava, right atrium, right A/V valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary arterioles, pulmonary capillary bed, pulmonary venules, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left A/V valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, renal artery, interlobular arteries, afferent arterioles, glomerular capillaries
Follow the pathway of waste from the point it enters blood in the body capillaries until it enters the urethra.
muscle capillary bed, venules, veins, major veins, vena cava, right atrium, right A/V valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary arterioles, pulmonary capillary bed, pulmonary venules pulmonary veins, left atrium, left A/V valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, renal artery, interlobular artery, afferent arterioles, glomerular capillaries, Bowman’s capsule, PCT, loop of nephron, DCT, collecting duct, renal papilla, renal crest, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra
bladder
storage vessel for urine; adjust to inflow of urine until pressure becomes too high, stimulating nerve signal to spinal cord, which sends signal back for bladder to contract
what are some characteristics of normal horse urine
cloudy, mucous, sediment, foamy, yellow to orange
polyuria
urinating a lot
polydipsia
drinking a lot
dysuria
painful urination
incontinence
dribbling urine
diuretic
causes frequent urination
nephrotoxic
toxic to the kidneys
urolith
urinary stones
nephritis
inflammation of the kidneys
