Respiratory Antibiotics Flashcards
(74 cards)
1
Q
amoxicillin
A
aminopenicillin
PO
2
Q
ampicillin
A
aminopenicillin
PO, IV, IM
3
Q
piperacillin
A
anti-pseudo penicillin
IV
4
Q
ceftriaxone
A
third generation cephalosporin
IV, IM
5
Q
ceftazidime
A
third generation cephalosporin
IV, IM
6
Q
cefepime
A
fourth generation cephalosporin
IV, IM
7
Q
meropenem
A
carbapenem
IV
8
Q
ertapenem
A
carbapenem
IV, IM
9
Q
beta-lactamase inhibitors
A
sulbactam
clavulinic acid
taxobactam
often given with the PCNs
10
Q
ciprofloxacin
A
FQ
PO, IV, topical
11
Q
levofloxacin
A
FQ
PO, IV, topical
12
Q
moxifloxacin
A
FQ
PO, IV, topical
13
Q
gentamicin
A
aminoglycosides
IV, IM, topical
14
Q
doxycycline
A
tetracycline
PO, IV
15
Q
azithromycin
A
macrolide
PO, IV, topical
16
Q
clindamycin
A
lincosamide
17
Q
linezolid
A
oxazolidinone
PO, IV
18
Q
oseltamivir
A
anti-viral
-PO
19
Q
flucanozole
A
antifungal
PO, IV
20
Q
intraconazole
A
antifungal
PO
21
Q
voriconazole
A
antifungal
PO, IV
22
Q
penicillin resistance
A
drug destruction and inactivation by beta-lactamases
23
Q
aminopenicillins
A
extended-spectrum
gram positive, gram negatives
24
Q
upper resp infections with strep pyogenes, strep pneumoia, h flu
A
ampicillin
amoxicillin
25
hospital acquired pneumonia
pseudomonas
piperacillin
26
DOC for serious gram negatives
third gen cephalospirins
| -ceftriaxone and ceftazidimine
27
pseudomonas coverage
cefepime
| -4th gen cephalosporin
28
glycopeptide MOA
vancomycin
inhibit cell wall synthesis binding to D-Ala-D-Ala terminal
cannot penetrate cell wall of gram negatives
29
vancomycin
glycopeptide
IV***
monitor levels closely
30
clostridium dificile tx
oral vancomycin
31
red man syndrome
vancomycin adverse effect - due to rapid infusion - flushing, tachycardia, hypotension
also - macular rash, chills, fever, rash
32
fluoroquinolone MOA
bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
bactericidal - concentration dependent
33
ciprofloxacin
covers pseudomonas
34
respiratory FQs
levofloxacin
moxifloxacin
gemifloxacin
35
gonorrhea DOC
ceftriaxone
36
adverse with cephalosporins
GI sx
| achilles tendon rupture in children
37
achilles tendon rupture in children
side effect of cephalosporins
38
aminoglycoside MOA
bind 30S ribosome subunit
-interfere initiation of protein synthesis
alter membrane permeability
39
tetractcycline MOA
binding 30S ribosome
| -prevent access of aminoacyl tRNA to acceptor A site on mRNA ribosome complex
40
all strains pseudomonas
resistant to tetracyclines
41
macrolide MOA
reversibly bind 50S subunit
inhibit translocation where newly synthesized peptidyl tRNA molecule moves from acceptor site on ribosome to peptidyl donor site
42
atypical pneumonia tx
macrolides
| -azithromycin
43
CYP3A4 inhibition
macrolides
44
lincosamide MOA
50S binding and suppress protein synthesis
clindamycin
45
oxazolidinones MOA
linezolid
inhibit protein synthesis - bind 50S subunit
-prevention formation of alrger fmet-tRNA complex that initiates protein synthesis
46
linezolid use
only MDR organisms
47
risk fx for drug resistance strep pneumonia
```
beta-lactam use within 3 months
age < 2 or > 65
alcoholic
immunosuppressive therapy
exposure to day care child
```
48
underlying bronchopulmonary disease
h flu
| moraxella catarrhalis
49
outpatient CAP
```
strep pneumo
mycoplasma pneumo
h flu
chlamydophila pneumo
resp viruses
```
50
hospitalized CAP
```
strep pneumo
mycoplasma pneumo
h flu
chlamydophil pneumo
resp viruses
legionella
aspiration
```
51
ICU CAP
```
strep pneumo
staph aureus
legionella
gram negative bacilli
h flu
```
52
outpatient tx CAP previously healthy
macrolide PO
or
doxycycline PO
53
outpatient tx CAP at risk for DRSP
resp FQ PO
-levo, moxi, gemi
or
beta-lactam PO + macrolide PO
-amoxicillin
54
inpatient, non ICU CAP tx
resp FQ IV or PO
or
beta-lactam IV + macrolide IV
55
inpatient, ICU pt CAP tx
beta-lactam IV + azithromycin IV
or
resp FQ
56
risk fx for pseudomonas
structural lung disease
COPD exacerbation
frequent corticosteroids and antibiotic use
57
tx pseudomonas CAP
anti-pseudo beta-lactam IV + cipro (or levofloxacin)
-piperacillin,cefepime
or
beta-lactam + aminoglycoside + azithromycin
or
beta-lactam + aminoglycoside + anti-pseudo FQ
58
risk fx for MRSA
ESRD - on dialysis
IV drug use
prior influenza
prior antibiotics
59
tx MRSA
add vancomycin IV or linezolid
panton-valentine leucocidin necrotizing pneumonia - add clindamycin or use linezolid
60
CAP therapy
minimum 5 days
must be afebrile 48-72 hours
exception - pseudomonas - 8 day course led to more relapse than 15 day course**
61
hospital acquire pneumonia bugs
```
pseudomonas
E. coli
klebsiella
acinetobacter
MRSA - in ICU, head trauma
```
62
pseudomonas resistance
efflux pumps
decreased porin channels
beta-lactamases
63
MRSA resistanace
reduced PBP affinity for beta-lactams
64
oseltamivir MOA
neurominidase inhibitor
-interferes with release of progeny influenza virus from infected cells
influenza A and B
65
oseltamivir adverse effects
N/V/D, psych sx
66
influenza prophylaxis
oseltamivir
67
HSV and VZV tx
acyclovir
| -inhibit step 1 virus specific thymidine kinase
68
CMV tx
ganciclovir
| -guanosine analog - requires activation by tri-P before inhibiting DNA polymerase
69
azole MOA
inhibit fungal CYP450 - reducing production of ergosterol
flucanazole, itraconazole, voriconazole
lots of drug interactions**
70
candida, blastomycosis, coccidiomycosis, histoplasmosis coverase
azoles
71
strep pneumo resistance
PBP reduced affinity
72
staph aureus resistance
PBP reduced affinity
73
gram positive resistance
reduced PBP affinity
74
gram negative resistance
beta-lactamase production
