HIV Pharmacology Flashcards Preview

RESP II Exam 2 > HIV Pharmacology > Flashcards

Flashcards in HIV Pharmacology Deck (31)
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1
Q

NRTI

A

emtricitabine
tenofovir

nucleoside reverse transcripatase inhibitors

2
Q

NNRTI

A

efavirenz

3
Q

PI

A

ataanavir
darunavir
lopinavir
ritonavir

4
Q

INSTI

A

raltegravir

5
Q

CCR5 antagonist

A

maraviroc

6
Q

fusion inhibitors

A

enfuviritide

7
Q

antiretroviral treatment

A

backbone and a base

backbone - two NRTIs

base - NNRTI, PI, INSTI, CCR5 blocker

8
Q

backbone

A

emtricitabine

tenofovir

9
Q

pregnant women

A

polinavir/ritonavir and zidovudine/lamivudine BID

10
Q

preferred base drugs

A

efavirenz

ritonivir boosted atazanavir or darunavir

raltegravir

11
Q

HIV virus

A

RNA retrovirus

gp41, gp120, p24, p17

drug choice depends on genetic analysis of HIV virus patient has
-reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase, ribonuclease - important genetic targets (pol)

12
Q

coreceptor

A

CCR5 - allows fusion and entry of HIV

gp120, gp41 involved

13
Q

primary infection

A

initial viremia spike - then decreases

14
Q

eradication of HIV

A

cannot occur

15
Q

primary goal of antiretroviral therapy

A

reduce morbidity and increase duration of life

16
Q

combination drugs

A

minimize development of resistance

billions of copes of viral DNA produced per day - lots of mutations

17
Q

initiation of therapy

A

CD4 < 350 - 500

and all patients regardless of CD4 - pregnant, HIV associated nephropathy, and have hep B virus coinfection

18
Q

IV drug users

A

often hep B and HIV coinfection

19
Q

indicator of response

A

viral load

20
Q

drug resistance testing

A

genotypic assays
-to detect mutations

test all patients when first begin drug treatment

phenotypic assays - ability of virus to grow in antiretroviral drug presence

21
Q

ART

A

antiretroviral therapy

decrease risk of resistance

22
Q

HAART

A

highly active anti-retroviral therapy (old name)

23
Q

NRTI MOA

A

tenofovir, emtricitabine

nucleoside/nucleotide

reverse transcriptase inhibitor
-causes chain termination

only nucleotide - tenofovir

tenofovir - Hep B
emtricitabine - well tolerated
zidovudine (AZT) - first licensed

24
Q

NNRTI MOA

A

efavirenz

non-nucleoside

bind to reverse transcriptase blocking RNA and DNA dependent DNA polymerase activity

25
Q

not in pregnant women

A

efavirenz - embryotoxic

26
Q

ritonavir boosting

A

inhibit metabolism of other PIs by binding to CYP3A4

27
Q

PI MOA

A

gag and gag-pol gene product

prevent this viral protease

get immature noninfectious viral particles

28
Q

PI combination

A

this was a breakthrough drug - prolonged survival with even advanced HIV infection

29
Q

INSTI MOA

A

integrase strand transfer inhibitor

block integrase that catalyzes process of viral DNA insertion into host genome

-prevents viral DNA from integrating with cellular DNA

30
Q

CCR5 antagonists

A

co-receptors are CCR5 (early) and CXCR4 (later)

blocks receptor and prevents entry of virus into cell

can assay for CCR5 - coreceptor tropism assay

31
Q

fusion inhibitor

A

small peptide

reserved for pt on regimen and have developed resistance or tx failure

receptors for HIV virus - are CD4 and CCR5

MOA - binds gp41 subunit and preventionof conformation changes necessary for fusion

must be given BID subQ - drawback