SCIENCE DAY2 Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
type of digestion: Chewing of food in the mouth
A
physical digestion
2
Q
type of digestion: breakdown of large food molecules by enzymes
A
chemical digestion
3
Q
pharynx is the
A
throat
4
Q
passes food from your throat to your stomach (food tube)
A
esophagus
5
Q
where chemical digestion starts
A
stomach
6
Q
mixed food and gastric juices
A
chyme
7
Q
final place of digestion
has villi (finger like structure)
A
small intestine
8
Q
water absorption, production of vitamin K, it ends in rectum
A
large intestine
9
Q
passageway of defecation
A
anus
10
Q
accessory organs of digestive system
A
- salivary gland
- liver
- gall bladder
- pancreas
11
Q
largest internal organ in the body
A
liver
12
Q
liver creates _______
A
bile
13
Q
bile digest ______
A
fats
14
Q
stores bile
A
gall bladder
15
Q
secrete enzymes for digestion of food
A
pancreas
16
Q
system that transport blood to other parts of the body
A
circulatory system
17
Q
pumps blood
A
heart
18
Q
brings blood back to the heart
A
vein
19
Q
contains of blood cells (RBC, WBC, PLATELETS) and plasma
A
blood
20
Q
brings blood away from the heart
A
artery
21
Q
red blood cell is red because of
A
hemoglobin
22
Q
carries oxygen
A
hemoglobin
23
Q
protein found in the plasma is responsible for blood clotting
A
fibrinogen
24
Q
vitamin need for blood clotting
A
vitamin K
25
mineral needed for blood clotting
calcium
26
vitamin needed for RBC production
vitamin B12
27
liquid part of blood
plasma
28
fights infections and diseases
white blood cells
29
clumping together at the site of a damaged blood vessel, forming a "plug" that temporarily seals the wound and prevents excessive bleeding
platelets
30
body system that supplies body with oxygen and release CO2 as waste
respiratory system
31
inhale, takes in oxygen
inspiration
32
exhale, releases CO2 out
expiration
33
warms and moisten air, traps dirt
nose (nostrils)
34
passageway for both air and food
pharynx
35
prevents the entrance of food to trachea
epiglottis
36
voice box
larynx
37
________ are found inside the larynx
vocal chords
38
windpipe, cartilaginous, traps and sweeps out dirt through cilia
trachea
39
the main organ of the respiratory system
lungs
40
body system that regulates body and maintains homeostasis through hormones
endocrine system
41
pancreas releases ______
insulin
42
union of sex cells (gametes) or union of sperm and egg (ovum) forming zygote
reproductive system
43
sperm and ovum meet inside the test tube
in vitro fertilization
44
sperm and ovum meet inside the body
in vivo fertilization
45
produces semen and sperm
testes
46
body system that controls sensory and motor functions/memory and emotions
nervous system
47
basic unit of nervous system
neurons
48
part of brain: voluntary activities, largest, intelligences, learning, judgement. THINKING
CEREBRUM
49
part of brain: involuntary, balance, coordination
CEREBELLUM
50
part of brain: Connects brain and spinal cord, involuntary, life sustaining
brain stem
51
little brain
cerebellum
52
part of brain stem: controlled breathing
medulla oblongata
53
part of brain stem: controls motor movement, vision, hearing, and more
midbrain
54
part of brain stem: It manages pain signals. relays and regulates the signals that give you the sensation of pain from anywhere in your body below your neck
pons
55
body system that protects and supports body parts
skeletal system
56
framework - it gives shape to the body
skeletal system
57
body system: blood cell production on bone marrows. calcium and phosphorous storage
skeletal system
58
how many bone does an adult have
206
59
body system primarily for movement. moves limbs and other parts of the body. moves substances through the body
muscular system
60
types of muscular tissue:
INVOLUNTARY - can be found in stomach and intestine (non-striated)
smooth muscle
61
types of muscular tissue:
INVOLUNTARY - can only be found in heart (striated)
cardiac muscle
62
types of muscular tissue:
VOLUNTARY - can be found in our limbs (striated)
skeletal muscle
63
body system that removes metabolic waste from the body
excretory system
64
main excretory organ
kidney
65
produces urine
kidney
66
is the movement of water across the cell membrane
osmosis
67
filters blood
kidney
68
cell in HYPOTONIC SOLUTION
water comes inside the cell
swell, burst, lysed
69
cell in isotonic solution
no net movement of water
70
cell in HYPERTONIC SOLUTION
water goes outside the cell
shrink, shrivel, dehydrated
71
body system that serves as body covering. it protects us from UV rays. (nail, skin, hair)
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
72
largest organ of the human body
skin
73
the study of ecosystem
ecology
74
relationship between living and non-living things
ecosystem
75
can make their own food
producers/autotrophs
76
obtain food from another organism
consumers/heterotrophs
77
plant eaters
herbivores
78
feed on other animals
carnivores
79
feed on both plant and animals
omnivores
80
feed on decaying and necrotic matter (example: vulture)
scavengers
81
breakdown dead organisms
(fungi and bacteria)
decomposers or saprophytes
82
ecological relationship: sampaguita plant and mango tree
competition
83
ecological relationship: lion and deer
predation
84
ecological relationship: bee and flower (mutual benefit)
mutualism
85
ecological relationship: parasite and host
parasitism
86
ecological relationship: orchid and Narra tree
commensalism
87
study of genes and heredity
genetics
88
father of genetics
Gregor Mendel
89
physical appearance of an organism (observable traits)
examples: green, tall, short, straight, kinky
phenotype
90
genes of a specific character (Gg, gg, HH, hh)
genotype
91
identical alleles (HH, TT, tt)
homozygous
92
two different alleles (Hh, Tt)
Heterozygous
93
Mendel's Law of Dominance
prevents the expression of the other gene/recessive gene
DOMINANT GENE OR WORKING GENE (CAPITAL LETTER)
94
Mendel's Law of Dominance
The expression is masked by the presence of a dominant gene. will only have PHENOTYPIC EXPRESSION if present as a homozygous genotype
RECESSIVE GENE OR NON-WORKING GENE (SMALL LETTER)
95
S - Straight (Dominant)
s - Kinky (Recessive)
SS
STRAIGHT
96
S - Straight (Dominant)
s - Kinky (Recessive)
Ss
STRAIGHT
97
S - Straight (Dominant)
s - Kinky (Recessive)
ss
KINKY
98
Organs having similar structure but they have different functions e.g., HUMAN ARM, CAT LEG, SEAL FLIPPER, BAT WING
HOMOLOGOUS ORGANS
99
organs having similar functions but they have different structures e.g., BUTTERFLY'S WINGS AND BAT WINGS
ANALOGOUS ORGANS
100
modification of biological process through human intervention
BIOTECHNOLOGY
101
GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS OR TRANSGENIC ORGANISM
GENETIC ENGINEERING
102
the use of biotechnology to solve environmental problems
bioremediation
